| 张敏,韩晓增,陆欣春,陈旭,严君,冯浩亮,邹文秀.化肥有机肥配施对黑土团聚体稳定性及其富里酸结构的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024,(4):107~116 |
| 化肥有机肥配施对黑土团聚体稳定性及其富里酸结构的影响 |
| Effects of combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the stability and fulvic acid structure of black soil aggregates |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2024.04.12 |
| 中文关键词: 化肥有机肥配施 黑土 团聚体稳定性 三维荧光光谱 富里酸 |
| 英文关键词:chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure black soil aggregate stability three\|dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy fulvic acid |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2022YFD1500100）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项A类（XDA28070100）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-04） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨化肥有机肥配施对黑土团聚体稳定性及其富里酸结构的影响，依托中国科学院海伦农业生态试验站2001年设置的长期定位试验，分析不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、化肥+15 000 kg·hm-2有机肥（NPKM1）及化肥+22 500 kg·hm-2有机肥（NPKM2）处理对土壤团聚体稳定性、团聚体富里酸结构及光学特性的影响。结果表明：（1）化肥有机肥配施显著提高了0~40 cm土层>0.25 mm团聚体分布比例，增强了土壤团聚体稳定性；与CK相比，NPKM1和NPKM2处理的0~20 cm 土层>0.25 mm团聚体分布比例分别增加6.2%~26.3%和8.4%~50.2%。（2）土壤各粒径团聚体富里酸包含类富里酸、类胡敏酸和类蛋白质共3种荧光组分，化肥有机肥配施提高了类富里酸、类胡敏酸组分荧光强度及百分比和类蛋白质组分荧光强度，降低了类蛋白质组分荧光强度百分比；与CK相比，NPKM1和NPKM2处理>0.25 mm团聚体富里酸的类富里酸和类胡敏酸组分荧光强度分别提高7.0%~30.5%和12.8%~45.4%。同时土壤各粒径团聚体富里酸均受自生源和外生源共同作用的影响（FI（荧光指数）>1.4，0.8<BIX（自生源系数）<1.0），呈现强腐殖化和新近自生源特征（3.0<HIX（腐殖化指数）<6.0）。（3）土壤各粒径团聚体富里酸的SUVA254、SUVA280和E4/E6值随有机肥施用量增加而增加，芳香性增强，分子结构变简单。相关性分析表明，土壤团聚体富里酸荧光组分、芳香性（SUVA254）、腐殖化程度（HIX、E4/E6）是影响团聚体稳定性的重要因素。因此，化肥有机肥配施通过增加团聚体富里酸荧光组分强度，提高团聚体芳香性和腐殖化程度，进而提高土壤团聚体稳定性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure on the distribution and fulvic acid structure of soil aggregates, a long\|term positioning experiment was established in Hailun Agroecosystem Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Science in 2001, including four treatments of no fertilizer (CK), single chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer +15 000 kg·hm-2organic manure (NPKM1), and chemical fertilizer +22 500 kg·hm-2organic manure (NPKM2). The results showed that: (1) The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers significantly increased the proportion of >0.25 mm soil aggregates in the 0~40 cm soil layer, thereby enhancing the stability of soil aggregates. Compared with the CK treatment, the proportions of >0.25 mm aggregates in the 0~20 cm soil layer increased by 6.2%~26.3%, and 8.4%~50.2% under the NPKM1, and NPKM2 treatments, respectively. (2) The fulvic acid in soil aggregates of various particle sizes contains three fluorescent components: fulvic acid\|like, humic acid\|like, and protein\|like substances. The combined application of chemical and organic fertilizers increased the fluorescence intensity and percentage of fulvic acid\|like, humic acid\|like components and the fluorescence intensity of the protein\|like component in the soil aggregates, while reducing the percentage of protein\|like component fluorescence intensity. Compared with the CK, the fluorescence intensities of fulvic acid\|like and humic acid\|like components in the >0.25 mm aggregates increased by 7.0%~30.5%, and 12.8%~45.4% under the NPKM1, and NPKM2, respectively. Additionally, the fulvic acid in soil aggregates of various particle sizes was influenced by both autochthonous and allochthonous sources (with a fluorescence index (FI) > 1.4, and a biological index (BIX) between 0.8 and 1.0), showing strong humification and recent autochthonous characteristics (with a humification index (HIX) between 3.0 and 6.0). (3) The values of SUVA254, SUVA280,and E4/E6 of fulvic acid in each soil aggregate size showed an increasing trend as the increase of organic manure, increased aromaticity and simplified molecular structure. Correlation analysis shows that the fluorescence components of fulvic acid (fulvic acid\|like, humic acid\|like and protein\|like), aromaticity (SUVA254) and humification degree (HIX, E4/E6) were important factors affecting the stability of soil aggregates. Therefore, the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the intensity of fulvic acid fluorescence components of soil aggregates, improved the aromaticity and the degree of humification of soil aggregates as well as the stability of soil aggregates. |
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