| Xinjiang oilseed rape currently faces challenges such as mixed varieties and degradation, low yields, low oil content, low quality, and a lack of high-yielding varieties, It is essential to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for oilseed rape in Xinjiang to identify high-yield oilseed rape varieties suitable for cultivation in the region. In the experiment, 67 high-yielding and high-resistant spring rapeseed varieties were selected as study materials. The following parameters were selected for evaluation based on the identification criteria: number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, total number of effective branches, plant height, number of angular fruits in the main sequence, length of the main sequence, number of grains per angle, number of angular fruits per plant, thousand-grain weight, production and yield, and lodging rate. Various methods, such as weighted subordinate functions, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis, were used to conduct a thorough evaluation. The results showed that the yields of the tested varieties ranged from 1855.5 to 5314.05 kg·hm-2 with a coefficient of variation of 0.151. The total effective branches, plant height, stem thickness, number of angiosperms in the main sequence, number of kernels per angiosperm, number of angiosperms per plant, yield, and collapse rate of spring rape were used as the main traits to measure the comprehensive score of spring rape. Among these factors, the total number of productive branches and the number of grains per spike showed the highest correlation coefficients with the comprehensive evaluation (D value), reaching 0.82 and 0.81 (P < 0.01), respectively. The regression equation was constructed using stepwise regression analysis. The estimation accuracy for each variety exceeded 90%, suggesting that the 14 agronomic parameters in the equation significantly influenced the yield of rapeseed. Moreover, the equation can also be used to assess high yield of rapeseed. Finally, based on the comprehensive performance of the varieties, Qingza-12 and Longyou-19 were identified as suitable for planting in the Aksu region of Xinjiang. |