| Aiming at the prominent issues of high labor costs, heavy labor intensity, and lack of applicable equipment in the planting and harvesting stages of Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus in hilly and mountainous areas, research on the development and demonstration promotion of key operation equipment was conducted. Based on the requirements of simulated wild agronomy, a 2MBY-1/6 type precision mulching hole seeder for Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus was developed, integrating multiple processes such as rotary tillage, fertilization, mulching, and precision hole sowing. Field trials showed that the qualified rate of seeds per hole reached 92.5%, the qualified rate of sowing depth was 89.2%, and the qualified rates of light-receiving surface width and hole spacing were both 100%, effectively improving sowing quality. To address the technical challenge of easy damage during root and rhizome medicinal materials harvesting, a 4EYS type light and efficient medicinal material excavator was developed, adopting a straight triangular blade shovel, two-stage chain rake conveying, and grating roller cleaning and separation structure. The qualified rate of exposed roots reached 98%, and the root system damage rate was less than 8%, effectively ensuring the commercial value of medicinal materials. With "precision planting - efficient harvesting" as the core, the two types of equipment jointly constructed a full-process mechanization technology system for Codonopsis pilosula and Astragalus membranaceus in hilly and mountainous areas: the spoon-type hole sowing device controls the opening and closing timing of the seed spoon through cam-spring control, with the error of seeds per hole not exceeding ±1; under the optimal parameter combination of 25° soil entry angle and 90° shovel body opening angle of the straight triangular blade shovel, the soil-medicinal material separation rate exceeds 92%, and the exposed root rate reaches 98%, effectively ensuring the harvesting quality of medicinal materials. The developed equipment provides equipment and technical support for the mechanized planting of medicinal materials in hilly and mountainous areas. |