| Within our regional viticulture, vineyards managed for overwinter soil conservation frequently exhibit nutrient depletion and diminished soil organic matter. These deficiencies critically compromise both grape quality and yield potential. Consequently, investigations into soil mineral composition and microbial carbon sequestration are of paramount importance to this agricultural sector.This research examined the physicochemical properties, soil respiration, organic carbon constituents, carbon sequestration, and microbial community composition within vineyard soils. Our investigation concentrated on Cabernet Sauvignon vineyards across three wineries situated in the Helan Mountain East Foothill area of Ningxia, employing uncultivated land as a baseline control (CK). Soil samples were procured and assessed during May and September.The findings reveal that in September, the H treatment (Huida Sunshine Ecological Winery) exhibited significantly lower vineyard soil bulk density and moisture content compared to the CK (control). Specifically, soil bulk density in the H treatment decreased by 12.05%, and moisture content by 42.1%, relative to the CK. Conversely, soil porosity was significantly higher, with a 26.17% increase observed in the H treatment compared to the CK. Notable variations were found in the soil carbon accumulation capacity across the different wineries, with Huida Sunshine Ecological Winery demonstrating the highest carbon storage. Additionally, available phosphorus in the soil increased by 62.02 mg/kg in September compared to CK. In May, available potassium content rose by 63.38 mg/kg, and September levels of available potassium were significantly higher in all wineries than in the CK treatment. Both in May and September, Huida Sunshine Ecological Winery consistently displayed higher concentrations of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen than other wineries. The organic carbon content in the winery soils was significantly elevated compared to the control, with Huida Sunshine Ecological Winery''s carbon storage content exceeding the control by 6.84 t/hm-2. Soil respiration intensity was significantly enhanced in both the Longyu and Huida Sunshine Ecological Winery treatments. Microbial community analysis indicated that grape cultivation substantially modified the composition and diversity of bacteria, fungi, and carbon-fixing microorganisms. Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were identified as critical environmental factors influencing the community structure of carbon-fixing bacteria.Partial least squares path modeling revealed that alterations in soil carbon components modulate soil respiration and carbon stocks by impacting microbial diversity and community structure. The intrinsic ecosystem characteristics of the soil, specifically the interactions between microbial communities and soil environmental factors, are pivotal in determining the vineyard''s carbon sink function. This research offers a foundational understanding for vineyard soil carbon cycling mechanisms and sustainable management practices. |