| In order to promote the application and popularization of laser grader, the effects of laser grader technology coupled with different ridge cultivation methods on the growth, quality, yield and soil quality of heading cabbage in Ningnan Mountain area were clarified. From 2024 to 2025, taking ''lvying'' cabbage variety as the research object, two kinds of laser leveling techniques (A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A1: uneven land; A2: flat land) and three ridge cultivation methods (B1: flat border double row; B2: high ridge single row; B3: high ridge double row), a total of 6 treatments are set: A1B1, A1B2, A1B3, A2B1, A2B2 and A2B3. The results showed that compared with the non flat group (A1), the stem diameter, width, length, width, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of cabbage in the flat group (A2) increased by 6.52%～38.34%; During the whole growth period, SPAD value increased by 0.09%～14.63%, and net photosynthetic rate increased by 5.70%～15.20%; The root length, average root diameter, total root surface area and total root volume of cabbage increased by 2.34%～197.76%; The results showed that the soil pH and EC decreased by 1.89%～15.78%, the contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter increased by 2.62%～62.84%, the activities of urease, phosphatase and catalase increased by 1.12%～27.92%, and the soil moisture content increased by 0.18%～2.60% during the whole growth period; Soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble protein increased by 0.94%～95.33%; The weight per plant, weight per bulb, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter and yield increased by 4.56%～34.41%; The damage rate decreased by 2.00%～6.00%, and the harvest rate increased by 8.87%～18.87%. At the same time, the laser flat coupled high ridge single row (A2B2) treatment was the best in all evaluation indexes. Compared with other treatments, the spread length, spread width and leaf width of cabbage in this treatment increased by 0.42%～28.99%, respectively; The SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate at heading stage increased by 1.46% -18.34% and 4.49%～42.77%, respectively; The root index at seedling stage and heading stage increased by 1.22%～243.54%; The contents of soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter and urease and phosphatase activities increased by 0.37%～73.35%; The contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble protein increased by 2.75%～109.35%; The single plant weight, single ball weight and yield were increased by 0.52%～59.32%. In addition, the qualified rate of mechanized recovery is 96%. The comprehensive evaluation of principal component analysis showed that A2B2 treatment had the highest score (0.83), which could be used as the optimal cultivation mode of heading cabbage in the mountainous area of Southern Ningxia. |