| The Responses of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Enzyme Activities of Wheat to Warming and its Countermeasures |
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| 投稿时间：2023-12-24 修订日期：2024-03-10 |
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| Key Words: wheat, warming, response measures, photosynthetic characteristics, biomass |
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| Abstract: |
| Exploring different countermeasures to warming, and their impacts on the photosynthetic characteristics, enzyme activity, and biomass of wheat, will provide some theoretical evidence for future wheat production in response to climate change. From 2022 to 2023, field experiment was conducted during the wheat growth season at the Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station of Nanjing University of Information Technology. Three measures were set up to cope with temperature increase, using local conventional cultivation methods as controls (CK). These measures included changing the variety CV (Huaimai 33), adding biochar BC (applying 20 t · hm-2 biochar), and applying nitrogen fertilizer NF (increasing the total nitrogen application by 50 kg · hm-2). An open warming system was used to increase the temperature of the entire wheat growth period by 1.5 ℃. The flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, enzyme activity, and biomass indicators of wheat were measured under different countermeasures. The results of this study indicate that compared to CK, the 1.5 ℃ elevated temperature enhanced the antioxidant capacity of wheat. During the booting stage, flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate were increased by elevated temperature, while the opposite is true during the flowering stage. During the booting stage, under warming conditions, BC and NF treatments increased the flag leaf area of wheat by 14.02% and 16.14%, respectively; The chlorophyll content increased by 11.82% and 6.85% respectively; The malonaldehyde (MDA) content decreased by 12.50% and 21.22%, respectively; The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 455.75% and 395.58%, respectively (p<0.05). CV treatment increased the SOD content by 773.45% (p<0.05). During the flowering period, at the flowering stage and warming conditions, the chlorophyll content of BC and NF treatments increased by 16.17% and 13.26%, respectively. The net photosynthetic rate increased by 32.48% and 16.78%, respectively. SOD activity decreased by 9.89% and 31.89%, respectively. Catalase (CAT) activity increased by 20.94% and 17.12%, respectively (p<0.05). BC and NF treatments promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic products in wheat, which increased the wheat biomass by 24.86% and 21.31% at flowering stage, increased the yield by 50.02% and 23.45%, and increased the biomass by 15.13% (p<0.05). Therefore, BC and NF treatments might compensate for the negative effect of warming on wheat biomass and yield by increasing photosynthetic area, net photosynthetic rate and enhancing antioxidant capacity, while CV treatment mainly increases biomass by enhancing antioxidant capacity. |
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