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| 芝麻对干旱胁迫的生理及分子响应的研究进展（已上传） |
| Research Progress on Physiological and Molecular Responses of Sesamum indicum L. to Drought Stress |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-26 修订日期：2025-02-21 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 芝麻 生理生化 遗传改良 多组学 外源施加 |
| 英文关键词:Sesame indicum L. Physiological and biochemical Genetic improvement Omics Exogenous applications |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 19 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 芝麻(Sesamum indicum L.)是一种重要的油料作物,但由于其萌发期和苗期对水分需求较高,抗旱性一直是制约其产量稳定性和生长发育的关键因素。随着气候变化和水资源短缺的日益严重,研究芝麻抗旱性的意义日益凸显。本文综述了近年来关于芝麻抗旱性研究的进展,包括干旱对芝麻的生长发育的影响,生理和分子水平上的调控机制,遗传改良以及通过外源施加物质缓解芝麻干旱等,为进一步提高芝麻抗旱性提供了重要参考。在生长发育方面,干旱影响其发芽率,生长速率,籽粒的品质以及产量等。在生理生化水平上,芝麻对抗旱的适应机制主要包括根系生长调节、渗透调节物质保持水分平衡、抗氧化能力提高以及光合响应等。在遗传水平上,通过筛选大量品种得到具有优良性状的品种,并制定了相关的抗旱评价标准。在分子水平上,通过转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等高通量技术,鉴定了大量与芝麻抗旱相关的基因和分子信号通路,为深入理解芝麻抗旱机制提供了重要线索。综合而言,芝麻抗旱性研究取得了一系列重要进展,但仍然存在许多挑战和未解之谜。未来的研究应重点关注抗旱相关基因的功能解析、抗旱品种的选育与推广、抗旱适应机制的深入探究等方面,以进一步提高芝麻的抗旱性和适应性,为芝麻产业的可持续发展提供技术支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop, but its drought resistance has always been a key factor limiting its yield stability and growth development due to its high demand for water during germination and seedling stages. With the increasingly serious climate change and water scarcity, the significance of studying sesame drought resistance is becoming more prominent. This paper reviews the recent advances in research on sesame drought resistance, including the effects of drought on the growth and development of sesame, regulatory mechanisms at physiological and molecular levels, genetic improvement, and alleviation of sesame drought through exogenous substances, providing important references for further improving sesame drought resistance. In terms of growth and development, drought affects its germination rate, growth rate, grain quality, and yield, among other factors. At the physiological and biochemical levels, sesame"s adaptive mechanisms to drought mainly include regulation of root growth, maintenance of water balance through osmotic regulatory substances, enhancement of antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic response, among others. At the genetic level, varieties with excellent traits have been obtained through the selection of large numbers of varieties, and relevant drought resistance evaluation criteria have been formulated. At the molecular level, through high-throughput technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, a large number of genes and molecular signaling pathways related to sesame drought resistance have been identified, providing important clues for a deeper understanding of sesame drought resistance mechanisms. In summary, significant progress has been made in sesame drought resistance research, but many challenges and mysteries still exist. Future research should focus on functional analysis of drought-related genes, breeding and promotion of drought-resistant varieties, and in-depth exploration of drought adaptation mechanisms to further improve sesame"s drought resistance and adaptability, thus providing technical support for the sustainable development of the sesame industry. |
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