| 王启现,王璞,翟志席,王志敏,付晋峰.施氮期对夏玉米土壤无机氮变化及净矿化量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,(2):11~16 |
| 施氮期对夏玉米土壤无机氮变化及净矿化量的影响 |
| Dynamics of soil inorganic nitrogen and its net mineralized amount affected by nitrogen application timing during maize season |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2004.02.03 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 施氮期 土壤无机氮 土壤氮素矿化量 |
| 英文关键词:maize (Zea mays L.) application timing of nitrogen fertilizer soil inorganic nitrogen soil nitrogen mineralization |
| 基金项目:国家"863"计划项目(2002AA6Z3201) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在夏播郑单958(9株/m2)生长季,研究了不施氮、基施氮+10叶展氮、基施氮+吐丝氮和基施氮+乳熟氮共4个处理下2m土体的无机氮变化和净矿化量。结果表明:夏玉米生长季土壤NO-3-N在含量、时空变化和受氮肥影响方面均与NH+4-N不同,20cm以上土层NO-3-N以大口期为界、20cm以下以吐丝期为界前降后升;2m土层NH+4-N在吐丝前均下降、吐丝后除20cm以上土层乳熟前上升而乳熟后略下降外其它土层无明显规律;NO-3-N的波幅明显大于NH+4-N,NO-3-N在全生育期垂直分布明显,施氮后20cm以上和80cm以下土层其含量显著增加且受施氮期影响明显,如,推迟施氮能显著增加乳熟-成熟80cm以下NO-3-N含量;NH+4-N在吐丝前垂直分布近均匀、吐丝后明显,施氮仅增加0～20cmNH+4-N含量、对20cm以下无明显影响。另外,土壤氮素净矿化发生在吐丝前且主要在大口期前,吐丝后发生净固定且乳熟前后各近一半,施氮后土壤氮变化平缓且施氮期影响明显。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To coordinate the soil inorganic nitrogen release and the maize nitrogen requirement and to heighten nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, field trial with the maize hybrid "Zhengdan 958" (with population of 9 plants/hm2) and four treatments (i.e., zero N, sowing N+10 leaf N, sowing N+silking N, and sowing N+milking N, with the rate of 90 kg/hm2 at each application time) was carried out at Wuqiao experimental station of CAU in 2002. The results are follows: (1) The nitrate concentration (NC) at 0~200 cm soil profile is ten fold of the ammonium concentration (AC) during maize season. They show differences both in aspects of dynamics and vertical distribution and in effects of nitrogen fertilizer (Nf). (2) The dynamics of NC is more violent and more sensitive to Nf than that of AC. The NC at profile 020 cm descends before big horn stage and hereafter ascends, but the NC below 20 cm profile descends before silking and ascends henceforth; The AC at 0200 cm profile descends before silking while after this the AC at 020 cm ascends during silking-milking and slightly descends after milking, but the AC dynamics below 20 cm shows irregular. (3) The vertical distribution of NC at 0~200 cm profile is apparent during maize season and Nf application can significantly increase the NC above 20 cm and below 80 cm. Postponing of Nf application can dramatically increase NC in 80~200 cm profile during milking-maturity. The vertical distribution of AC at 0~200 cm is rather even before silking and becomes apparent after this. Nf application can only increase AC at 0~20 cm profile. (4) The net soil nitrogen mineralization takes place before silking and most of the net mineralized N appears during sowing-big horn. The net soil nitrogen fixation occurs after silking, and half of the net fixed amount appears before milking. The fluctuation of soil inorganic nitrogen in Nf application treatments is milder than that in zero N treatment, and is affected remarkably by application time. |
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