| 孙自永,徐恒力,朱锦旗.作物根活性格局及其在农田科学管理中的应用[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,(1):192~198 |
| 作物根活性格局及其在农田科学管理中的应用 |
| Root activity patterns of crops and their applications in cropland scientific management |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2006.01.41 |
| 中文关键词: 根活性格局 有效吸收空间 土壤水分平衡 施肥位置 养分循环利用 |
| 英文关键词:root activity pattern effective foraging space(EFS) soil water balance placement of fertilizer recycling of nutrients |
| 基金项目:国土资源部2000年科技专项计划“西北地区水资源与可持续利用”(200010302) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 综述了根活性格局的概念、测定方法及其在农田科学管理中的应用,并对相关研究进行了展望。根的活性格局是根的功能学指标,反映根系各个部位对其总体吸收能力的贡献大小,它与活性根的格局在本质上存在着区别,与根的形态格局常具有不一致性。在根活性格局测定方法中,32P土壤注入法应用最为广泛,土壤水分消耗法主要限于干旱半干旱地区。根活性格局在农田科学管理中的应用主要表现在:在土壤-植物水分运移模拟中,根活性格局对根系吸水能力的描述更为真实;通过调查作物根活性的高值区和高峰期,可确定施肥的最佳位置和时间;利用不同作物根活性时空分布特点指导物种和种植方式的选择,可实现作物在资源利用上的互补性,发挥某些作物的安全网和营养泵功能。进行作物根活性格局的不同同位素示踪研究、建立各种常见作物物种的根活性格局数据库等工作还需进一步加强。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This review focused on the concept and studying methods of root activity patterns and their applications in cropland scientific management.Root activity pattern reflects the contribution of different parts of a root system to the total amount of nutrients absorbed by plants,and is used to indicate the functional variation in root system.Accordingly,root activity pattern is different from pattern of active roots.This challenges the widely accepted hypotheses that nutrient/water uptake is closely related to relative root length density.32P soil-injection is by far the most widely used method of studying root activity patterns,while soil-water-depletion method is mainly focalized in arid and semiarid regions.Root activity pattern is a more accurate parameter than pattern of active roots in delineating the spatiotemporal distribution of soil water uptake by plant.It makes potential use of root activity patterns in simulating water transfer from soil to crops and facilitate water management in field situation.Root activity patterns of crops and their changes with time give important hints in several situations such as deciding the zones and periods of fertilizer placement,choosing the most appropriate crop combination and spacing them properly in mixed-cropping system for complementary exploitation of below-ground resources,selecting the plant species with safety-net or nutrient pump functions in agroforestry,deciding the planting geometry,etc.In addition,the paper suggests that further research should focus on the comparison of root activity patterns measured by using different isotopes,the establishment of database of root activity spatiotemporal patterns for the common crops,etc. |
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