| 刘文国,张建昌,曹卫贤,党占平,强秦,高亚军,李生秀.多因素控制下渭北旱地小麦产量寻优的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,(1):190~195 |
| 多因素控制下渭北旱地小麦产量寻优的研究 |
| Research on best factor combination for wheat yield on dry-land of Weibei |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2007.01.40 |
| 中文关键词: 地膜覆盖 垄沟种植 秸秆覆盖 施氮量 籽粒产量 生物学产量 |
| 英文关键词:plastic film mulch furrow planting straw mulch N fertilizer rate grain yield biological output |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(30230230)； 国家自然科学基金项目(40471069) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在陕西渭北旱塬进行了连续三年定点小麦田间试验,通过栽培模式、氮肥水平、种植密度三因素的不同处理,研究多因素小麦栽培优化组合。结果表明:采用垄沟、覆膜、秸杆覆盖栽培模式对小麦穗数不产生影响;施用氮肥能极显著地影响小麦穗数,在施纯氮0240 kg/hm2范围内,每增减纯氮1 kg,增减穗数4 288;增加播量,极明显地提高小麦穗数;不同的栽培模式、氮肥用量和小麦种植密度对小麦的穗粒数不产生影响;覆膜栽培与垄沟栽培之间千粒重差异显著,种植密度对小麦千粒重在不同的条件下影响明显,覆膜栽培条件下,高氮肥水平,低密度(播种量180 kg/hm2)的千粒重大于高密度(播种量225 kg/hm2),垄沟模式下,高氮水平(施纯氮240 kg/hm2)与中氮水平(施纯氮120 kg/hm2)之间差异不显著,但与不施氮肥相比,千粒重明显提高,秸秆覆盖模式下,高密度(播种量225 kg/hm2)与不施氮、高氮水平组合的平均千粒重最低,两者差异不显著,但与其它各组合差异显著。正常降水年份,旱地小麦采用一定的农业栽培模式,能够显著影响小麦的产量,尤其是覆膜下,产量显著高于对照;降水量多的年份,采用垄沟模式及秸秆覆盖模式对小麦产量甚至产生负效应。施用氮肥对小麦产量有极显著影响,在施纯氮0240 kg/hm2范围内,每增减纯氮1 kg,增减籽粒产量5.7 kg;种植密度对小麦籽粒产量与生物产量的影响显著,秸秆覆盖栽培和常规栽培(对照)模式下籽粒产量差异显著,产量排列次序都为高密度(播种量225 kg/hm2)大于低密度(播种量180 kg/hm2),低氮和不施氮时,增加密度,可提高产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Field experiments of wheat on Weibei Highland of Shaanxi Province were carried continuously for three years.The treatment factors included cultivation pattern,nitrogenous fertilizer level,and plant density.The results indicated as follows: the application of ditch,plastic film covers,and straw mulch cultivation did not influence the wheat ear number,whereas nitrogenous fertilizer remarkably affected the wheat ear number;within N application rate 0～240 kg/hm2,every N increased 4 288 wheat ear number;increasing broadcasts extremely obviously enhanced the wheat ear number;nitrogenous fertilizer amount used and plant density did not influence grain number per ear;weight of a thousand grains was remarkable different between film covering and ditch cultivation,plant density obviously affected the weight of a thousand grains under the different condition;under the plastic film cover cultivation with high nitrogenous fertilizer level,the low density had larger weight of a thousand grains than that under the high density;under the ditch pattern,the weight of a thousand grains between the high nitrogen level(N 240 kg/hm2) and middle nitrogen level(N 120 kg/hm2) had no remarkable difference,but was increased compared with that without nitrogenous fertilizer;under straw mulch pattern,the weight of a thousand grains by the high-density(seeds 225 kg/hm2) without nitrogen and with high nitrogen (N 240 kg/hm2) was the lowest,and had no remarkable differences between them, but had remarkable difference to other combinations;in the normal precipitation years,cultivation patterns could remarkably affect wheat yield on arid land,the wheat yield under plastic film cover is remarkably higher than that of ck;in the precipitation rich years,the ditch pattern and the straw stalk cover pattern even had negative effect on wheat yield;the nitrogenous fertilizer had extremely influence on wheat yield,within 0～240 kg N/hm2,every kg pure nitrogen could increase 5.7 kg grain yield;the influence of plant density on wheat grain and biological yield was significant,the yield difference between the grass cover cultivation and the conventional cultivation(ck) also was significant;generally the yield under high density(seeds 225 kg/hm2) was bigger than under low density(seeds 180 kg/hm2);under low and no nitrogen application,the wheat yield could be enhanced through increasing plant density. |
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