| 李巧珍,郝卫平,龚道枝,王庆锁.不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤水分动态、耗水量和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,(2):128~133 |
| 不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤水分动态、耗水量和产量的影响 |
| Effects of different irrigation patterns on soil water dynamics water use and yields in an Apple Orchard |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2007.02.27 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果 微喷灌 土壤含水率 耗水量 产量 |
| 英文关键词:apple micro-sprinkle irrigation soil water content water consumption yield |
| 基金项目:国家“863”计划项目(2004AA2Z4040)； 国家科技攻关计划课题(2004BA617B01)； 科研院所社会公益研究专项项目(2004DIB3J095) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同灌溉方式对苹果园土壤含水率、生育期耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响,于2005年4～11月在密云水库上游地区新城子蔡家甸有机苹果基地布设了3种灌溉方式(管灌、滴灌和微喷灌)及对照(不灌溉)共4个处理、3个重复的对比试验。分别在苹果树开花期、枝条速长期、成熟期和封冻前灌水,依据不同灌溉方式的灌溉效率以及田间土壤实际含水率等因素确定灌水量。结果表明:(1)在3种灌溉方式处理中,微喷灌、滴灌处理的0～60 cm土层土壤含水率较高,入渗深度在80 cm以内,未产生水分深层渗漏。管灌向下入渗深度大于微喷灌和滴灌,达到120 cm。(2)在整个生育期内,微喷灌和滴灌处理比管灌节约灌水量分别是31.99%和49.83%;微喷灌和滴灌条件下果园耗水量较管灌分别减少11.52%和12.49%。(3)从产量来看,微喷灌、滴灌、管灌产量分别比对照高25.74%、9.99%和0.78%;微喷灌产量达到51 000 kg/hm2;其水分利用效率最高且达到9.288 kg/m3。总体看来,微喷灌是相对较好的节水增效灌溉方式,值得在果园灌溉中应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper studied the effects of different irrigation treatments(pipe irrigation,drip irrigation and micro-sprinkle irrigation) on soil water content,water consumption in growth period,yield and water use efficiency of apple trees in upstream area of the Miyun Reservoir.In the field contrastive experiment,12 field plots with each area of 60 m2(3 m×20 m) were established and treated with 3 irrigation methods and one control.The aid-to-irrigation was implemented in the jointing stage,blooming stage,tree growth stage,autumn stage and over wintering stage,the optimal irrigation amount was determined based on the efficiency of different irrigation methods.The experiment results showed that:(1) the dynamic changes of soil water were subjected to the variation of the quantity of precipitation,irrigation and water consumption during apple tree growth period.In general,water content in soil of different irrigation treatments showed a different tendency.Micro-sprinkle irrigation and drip irrigation significantly increased the water content in the 0～60 cm soil layer,the effects of these irrigation methods on the 80～120 cm soil layer was not significant.The pipe irrigation increased the water content in the soil layer below 120 cm;(2) in all growth period,compared with pipe-irrigation,the micro-sprinkle irrigation and drip irrigation saved water by 31.99% and 49.83%,respectively,decreased the water consumption amount by 12.49% and 11.52%,respectively;(3) the yield of irrigation treatment was higher than that of control;WUE and water irrigation efficiency(WIE) of micro-sprinkle irrigation were the highest among the 3 methods of irrigation,the yield of the micro-sprinkle irrigation amounted to 51 t/hm2. In conclusion,developing the micro-sprinkle irrigation was a better method for apple trees in upriver areas of the Miyun Reservoir. |
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