| 马延庆,刘长民,朱海利,刘玲珠,马文,王维.陕西咸阳渭北旱塬地区优质苹果基地生态气候特征分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,(1):146~153 |
| 陕西咸阳渭北旱塬地区优质苹果基地生态气候特征分析 |
| The analysis of ecosystem characteristic of high quality apple producing base on Weibei arid plain region in Xianyang of Shaanxi Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2008.01.27 |
| 中文关键词: 渭北旱塬 苹果种植 气候分析 |
| 英文关键词:Weibei arid plain apple growing climate condition |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 对咸阳渭北旱塬苹果产区与国内外优质苹果产区近30 a气象资料进行对比分析,结果显示,咸阳渭北旱塬地区具有较国内外其它苹果产区优越的生态气候条件,表现为:温度条件适宜、温度日较差大、光能资源丰富、水分条件适中,生产绿色无公害果品的条件十分优越。影响苹果产量、品质的最大不利气候因素是干旱、大风、霜冻、冰雹、连阴雨等气象灾害。合理开发利用气候资源,发展咸阳渭北苹果生产的具体对策是:调整苹果品种结构,适度增加早、中熟品种和鲜食加工兼用型品种的比例,将早、中、晚熟品种的比例调整到10∶20∶70。抓好优良品种区域布局,南部(海拔600850 m)保留适量晚熟品种,适度发展中熟品种,增加早熟品种比例,围绕加工,发展一定比例的鲜食加工兼用品种;北部(海拔8501 300 m)仍以优良晚熟品种为主,适度发展新优中熟品种,少量发展早熟品种;次优生区(海拔600 m以下)应以早、中熟品种和鲜食加工兼用品种为主,逐步淘汰晚熟品种。下大力气抓好“四项关键技术”的落实,提高优果率,增强渭北苹果在国内外市场上的竞争能力;提高果品贮藏加工能力,增加果品生产附加值;建立健全信息体系,引导市场消费,扩大国内外市场份额,提高咸阳果品的声誉。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Analysis was made of 30 years meteorological data of Xianyang Weibei dryland areas and other quality apple producing regions over the world.The results showed that,Xianyang Weibei plateau region is superior to other apple producing areas at home and abroad in ecological climatic conditions,such as appropriate temperature conditions,big diurnal range,rich solar energy resources and moderate water conditions,all of which provide favorable conditions for pollution-free green fruit production.The adverse climatic factors affecting apple yield and quality are mainly drought,wind,frost,hail,extra rain and other weather disasters.To make rational utilization of local climate resources and develop apple production of Xianyang Weibei plateau,certain countermeasures should be taken,such as adjusting structure of apple varieties,appropriately increasing early-ripening varieties,with a 10∶20∶70 ratio of early-,mid-and late-maturing varieties;optimizing regional distribution of fine varieties.In southern part,with an elevation of 600～850 m,late-maturing varieties should be suitably retained,mid-maturing varieties be developed in a moderate way and the proportion of early-maturing varieties be increased,and a certain proportion of varieties for both fresh consumption and processing should also be taken into account.In northern part,with an elevation of 850～1 300 m,superiority should be given to late-maturing varieties,and then mid-maturing onew,while a small amount of early-maturing varieties can be grown.In the less suitable areas,with an elevation of less than 600 m,early-and mid-maturing varieties for both fresh-consumption and processing should be grown as the main,while the latematuring varieties can be phased out.Great efforts should be made to implement the "four key techniques" to increase gifted fruit rate,and to enhance its competitive ability in the domestic and international market.Fruit storage and processing capacity should also be improved to increase the added value of fruit production.Finally,information system should be established and improved to guide consumers' market and to expand the share of Xianyang fruit in domestic and international market. |
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