| 李兴,程满金,史海滨,崔彩,勾芒芒.黄土高原半干旱区集雨补灌玉米增产机理的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,(4):7~12 |
| 黄土高原半干旱区集雨补灌玉米增产机理的研究 |
| Maize yield-increasing mechanism of supple mental irrigation with harvested rainwater in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2008.04.02 |
| 中文关键词: 集雨补灌 玉米 光合作用 产量 |
| 英文关键词:upplemental irrigation with harvested rainwater maize photosynthesis yield |
| 基金项目:国家“十五”节水农业重大科技专项资助项目(2002AA2Z4221) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对黄土高原集雨补灌旱作区农业节水的方法和途径,以玉米为试材,研究了不同水分组合处理对玉米光合作用、产量和干物质累积的影响。结果表明:各处理光合因子的日变化曲线均呈现抛物线型,各光合因子的日变化规律受光照强度影响很大;覆膜坐水结合拔节期补灌22.5 mm处理在13∶00左右之前和19∶00左右的细胞间隙CO2浓度较其它处理大,而在其它时间内较其它处理小,其它光合因子与此规律相反,表明光照强度对光合因子的日变化起着重要的作用;在整个日变化过程中,补灌处理在光照强度大的下午提高了叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,使得细胞间隙CO2浓度减少。分析各光合因子日变化中的最大值可知:在13∶00左右,覆膜坐水结合拔节期补灌22.5 mm处理、覆膜坐水结合拔节期补灌15 mm处理的光合速率分别比对照提高23.9%、15.0%,蒸腾速率分别比对照提高47.7%、17.7%;产量分别比对照提高43.02%、29.48%。拔节期补灌不仅有显著的增产效果,还可以不同程度地提高干物质累积量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Aimed at measures of water-saving agriculture in semi-arid mountain areas of the Loess Plateau this paper analyzed the influence of the maize photosynthesis yield and dry matter accumulation under different irrigation treat ments．The results show that the diurnal variation curve of photosynthesis factors appears updown open parabola type under different treat ments. Under different strength of illumination the diurnal variation rule of photosynthesis factors is very obvious ．Intercellular CO2 concentration of treat ment of 22．5 mm irrigation in jointing stage is bigger than other treat ments before 13∶00and 19∶00 but during remainder ti me intercellular CO2 concentration is smaller than other treat ments ．This rule is opposite for other photosynthesis factors which indicates that the strength of illumination is playing a vital role to the photosynthesis factor diurnal variation．Under great strength of illumination irrigation treat ments enhance leaf’s photosynthesis rate transpiration rate and stomatal conductance causing the intercellular CO2 concentration reduction ．As for maxi mum value of photosynthesis factors at about 13∶00 photosynthesis rate of treat ments of 22．5 mm and 15 mm irrigation in jointing stage is increased by 23．9％ and 15．0％ respectively and transpiration rate by 47．7％ and 17．7％ respectively and yield rate by 43．02％ and 29．48％ respectively compared with CK．Supplemental irrigation of harvested rainwater can also raise the dry matter accumulation quantity and yield to great extent． |
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