高丽娜,陈素英,张喜英,孙宏勇,王彦梅,邵立威.华北平原冬小麦麦田覆盖对土壤温度和生育进程的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(1):107~113
华北平原冬小麦麦田覆盖对土壤温度和生育进程的影响
Effect of mulching on soil temperature and crop growth of winter wheat in plain of North China
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.01.21
中文关键词:  秸秆覆盖  薄膜覆盖  土壤温度  小麦生育期  N转移  水分利用效率
英文关键词:straw mulching  plastic film mulching  soil temperature  crop growth  dry matter and N remobilization  water use efficiency
基金项目:中国科学院创新性研究项目(KSCXZ-YW-004)
作者单位
高丽娜 Center for Agriculture Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050021，China；Graduated University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China 
陈素英 Center for Agriculture Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050021，China 
张喜英 Center for Agriculture Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050021，China 
孙宏勇 Center for Agriculture Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050021，China 
王彦梅 Center for Agriculture Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050021，China 
邵立威 Center for Agriculture Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang，Hebei 050021，China；Graduated University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China 
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中文摘要:
      通过秸秆和薄膜覆盖田间试验,研究了不同覆盖材料对冬小麦田土壤温度(5 cm)以及冬小麦生长发育、穗分化、干物质积累和分配、营养生长期间的N转移、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖平缓了冬小麦整个生育期土壤温度的变化,使冬季土壤温度提高0.63℃,越冬后降低0.35℃;春季降温效应延长了冬小麦穗分化的时间,平均缩短了灌浆持续时间2 d;低温增加了冬小麦穗期干物质和N含量向收获期非籽粒转移的效率,最终造成产量和水分利用效率降低了1.98%和0.14 kg/m3。薄膜覆盖提高了冬小麦灌浆前土壤温度0.44℃,增温效应促进了作物生长,整个生育期的生物量提高116.0 kg/m2;穗分化时期的增温效应使得该处理冬小麦不易形成大穗,同时灌浆期的低温效应影响了籽粒的饱满度,最终产量和水分利用效率分别降低了3.24%和0.17kg/m3。研究认为,秸秆覆盖和薄膜覆盖具有保墒效应,但其产生的温度效应对冬季作物生长发育造成不利影响,使得最终产量和水分利用效率并没有提高。
英文摘要:
      As one of the measures for agricultural water saving and conservation of soil moisture,mulching has been widely used.But mulching also affects soil temperature that influences crop growth.This research was conducted to illustrate the effects of different mulching materials(straw and plastic film) on the growth and development of winter wheat.Straw mulch(SM) reduced soil temperature in spring that extended the spike differentiation duration,but shortened the duration of grain filling by 2 days.The remobilization efficiency of dry matter and N to grain production was increased under SM.The final yield and water use efficiency(WUE) was reduced by 1.98% and 0.14 kg/m3 compared with that without mulching(CK) respectively.Plastic film mulching(PFM) increased more soil temperature than that of CK.The higher temperature under PFM in spring accelerated spike differentiation that reduced the seed numbers per spike.And the yield and WUE of winter wheat under PFM was 3.24% and 0.17 kg/m3 less than that of the CK,respectively.Though mulching could reduce soil evaporation,its effects on soil temperature might affect negatively winter crop growth and reduce its yield and WUE.
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