王鹤龄,王润元,赵鸿,甘延太.中国西北冬小麦和棉花生长对气候变暖的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(1):258~264
中国西北冬小麦和棉花生长对气候变暖的响应
Response of winter wheat and cotton to climate warming in Northwest China
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.01.49
中文关键词:  冬小麦  棉花  气候变暖  响应
英文关键词:winter wheat  cotton  climate warming  response
基金项目:国家科技部公益(气象)行业专项项目“西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究”(GY-HY200806021)； 甘肃省自然基金(3ZS061-A25-0100710RJZA087)； 科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项项目(2005DIB3J100)； 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所干旱基金； 甘肃省气象局面上项目(2006-2)
作者单位
王鹤龄 Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change CMA，Lanzhou，Gansu 730020，China 
王润元 Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change CMA，Lanzhou，Gansu 730020，China 
赵鸿 Institute of Arid Meteorology CMA Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change CMA，Lanzhou，Gansu 730020，China 
甘延太 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre， Swift Current， SK S9H 3X2 Canada 
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中文摘要:
      利用甘肃省西峰市和敦煌市农业气象观测站1981~2004年的观测资料,初步探讨了气候变暖对冬小麦和棉花生长的影响。结果表明:春季极端低温的升高使冬小麦返青期和棉花的播种期明显提前,后期极端高温的升高使冬小麦成熟提前,而极端低温的变暖使棉花停止生长延迟。冬小麦越冬期返青期的缩短与期间极端低温显著相关,而乳熟成熟期的缩短与期间极端高温显著相关,返青期拔节期和开花乳熟期呈现延长的趋势且均与期间极端低温呈显著相关。棉花播种期五叶期随期间极端低温的升高而缩短;五叶现蕾、吐絮停止生长期和全生育期呈现延长的趋势,且分别与期间极端低温显著相关。冬小麦产量与越冬期间的最低气温呈显著正相关,但返青孕穗和乳熟成熟期间的最高气温与产量呈显著负相关。棉花产量与开花以前的平均最低气温呈显著正相关;霜前花产量随十月最低气温的升高而显著增加。生育期间的增温特别是十月最低气温的变暖对本地区棉花生产产生了积极的作用,而生育后期的高温对冬小麦的高产则极为不利。
英文摘要:
      Using surface observation data of Xifeng and Dunhuang agricultural meteorological stations from 1981～2004,the impact of climate warming on winter wheat and cotton growth were investigated.The results showed that minimum temperature increase in spring made the turning green date of wheat and sowing date of cotton advanced significantly.The late maximum temperature increase made maturing date of winter wheat advanced and minimum temperature warming made the growth stopping date of cotton delayed.The shortening of the period over wintering to turning green and milky to maturity was significantly correlated with the minimum temperature and maximum temperature of corresponding stage respectively,but the prolonging of the period of turning green to jointing and blossom to milky was correlated with the minimum temperature of corresponding stage.For cotton,sowing to five-leaf stage was shortened with the increase of minimum temperature,and the days of flowering to boll-opening had no changes.The prolonging of the period five-leaf to budding,boll-opening to growth stopping and the whole growth stages was correlated with the minimum temperature of corresponding stage.Evidently,the warming during the growth periods especially in October had a positive effect on cotton production,but had a negative effect on winter wheat production.The minimum temperature during over wintering stages had correlation with the yield of winter wheat significantly,but the maximum temperature of return green to heading and milky to mature were significantly of negative correlation with yield of winter wheat.1000-grain weight of winter wheat started to drop when the average maximum temperature of June reached over 24℃.Cotton yield was significantly correlated with the average minimum temperature before flowering,and the yield before frost was significantly correlated with the lowest temperature of October.
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