| 徐海,王益权,刘军.半干旱偏湿润地区旱地小麦土壤水肥耦合的时空变异特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):184~188 |
| 半干旱偏湿润地区旱地小麦土壤水肥耦合的时空变异特征 |
| The spatio variability of soil water-fertilizer coupling in Guanzhong area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.02.34 |
| 中文关键词: 速效养分 土壤水分 时空变异 水肥耦合 |
| 英文关键词:available nutrient soil moisture spatio-temporal variability water-fertilizer coupling |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为农作物精准施肥和管理,采用定点定位采样、室内分析的方法,在关中头道塬农田冬小麦生育全过程中,分层监测0~100 cm范围内土壤水分和养分的时空变异过程。结果表明:①土壤中水分和各主要养分主要集中在0~50 cm的剖面上,小麦在返青、拔节、灌浆期对水分和养分的需求量教多,因此,剖面上水分养分在此阶段发生剧烈变动,在时间上出现了水分和养分同步变化现象。土壤速效磷前期比较稳定,返青以后变化幅度较大;土壤速效钾含量在分蘖期保持较高水平,抽穗期含量明显降低。②不同土层的水分和养分的变异性不同。在小麦生育期间表层0~10 cm水分含量变异性最大,很难保证稳定的土壤墒情,该层对于作物生长属于极度危险层;其下各层土壤墒情稳定性逐渐增强,能满足作物生长的要求;土壤的硝态氮和碱解氮最大变异性也出现在0~10cm范围,证实作物对速效氮的耗竭和氮素的转化过程主要发生在该土层内,随土层深度增加,其变异性减小;速效磷在0~30 cm剖面上变异最大,速效钾在整个剖面上变异性不显著。土壤水分和养分,空间上存在着不够协调的问题,建议应当根据土壤墒情,在旱塬地区进行肥料深施,以缓解水分和养分的空间错位矛盾。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This trail is designed to monitor the process of the temporal and spatial of soil moisture and nutrients variation during wheat growth period by testing the 0～100 cm soil layer, and has got the main conclusion as: (1) Moisture and nutrients concentrated in the 0～50 cm profile in the soil, a mass of moisture and nutrients are needed during wheat growth stages of regreening, jointing, grain filling, thus, radical change of soil moisture and nutrients on the profile occurred, and the variation of moisture and nutrients happened synchronically.Available phosphorus was stable during early stages, variation amplitude of available phosphorus was a little bigger after regreening, while available potassium content kept a high level during tillering stage and reduced significantly during heading stage. (2) The variation of soil moisture and nutrients was different on different profile.The variation of soil moisture content on the 0～10 cm profile was the most significant, which was hard to assure soil moisture, and this profile was the most dangerous to crop growth;soil moisture was stable on the profile beneath, which could meet the need of crop growth;the max variation of nitrate nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen occurred on 0～10 cm profile, which proved that plant uptake available N and the process of N element tranformation occurred on this profile, and the variation got smaller as the depth increased;variation amplitude of available phosphorus had the max on 0～30 cm profile, while variation amplitude of available potassium was not obvious.There was the problem of soil moisture and nutrients spatial inconsistency, we suggested deep application of fertilizer according to soil moisture so as to relive soil moisture and nutrients spatial inconsistency. |
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