施钾和秸秆还田对栗钙土区土壤养分及小麦产量的长期效应研究

谭德水; 金继运; 黄绍文; 陈占全

谭德水,金继运,黄绍文,陈占全.施钾和秸秆还田对栗钙土区土壤养分及小麦产量的长期效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):194~198

施钾和秸秆还田对栗钙土区土壤养分及小麦产量的长期效应研究

Study on effect of long-term application of K fertilizer and returning straw to soil on soil nutrient and wheat yield in the region of castanozem

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.02.36

中文关键词: 施钾秸秆还田土壤养分小麦产量长期效应

英文关键词:application of K fertilizer returning wheat straw to soil soil nutrient wheat yield long-term effect

基金项目:国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目；国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B03)

作者	单位
谭德水	Soil and Fertilizer Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China
金继运	Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
黄绍文	Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
陈占全	Soil and Fertilizer Institute Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China

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中文摘要:

1993~2006青海省栗钙土区施钾与小麦秸秆还田对耕层(0~20 cm)土壤钾素与其它养分指标以及小麦产量的长期影响定位试验结果表明:长期施钾或秸秆还田处理土壤速效钾、缓效钾和全钾含量均高于长期不施钾处理(NP),其中钾肥配合秸秆还田处理(NPK+St)三种类型钾含量均与NP处理差异显著;施钾或秸秆还田可提高速效钾和缓效钾在全钾中的比例,同时降低矿物钾的比例;与原始土壤相比,钾肥投入处理(NPK与NPK+St)的速效钾及NPK+St处理的缓效钾含量均高于原始土,其它处理三种类型钾含量均不同程度低于原始土壤;不同处理土壤钾素年均消耗K2O在175.5 kg/hm²以上,四个处理中只有NPK+St处理土壤钾素表观有盈余,其钾素平衡系数为1.55;相比只施氮磷肥,长期施钾或秸秆还田可降低土壤铵态氮、有效硫、钙、镁以及全磷的含量而提高有机质、有效磷、铜、铁、锰、锌以及全氮的含量,影响程度不一;定位14年间小麦产量基本不受施钾与秸秆还田措施的影响,处理之间差异不显著。

英文摘要:

Effect of application of K fertilizer and returning wheat straw to soil for continuous 14 years on soil potassium of 0～20 cm depth and other soil nutrient index and wheat yield in the region of castanozem in northwestern Qinghai was studied.The results showed that the content of available K, slowly available K and total K in treatments of K fertilizer application or straw returning were higher than that in NP treatment, and the content of three kinds of potassium showed significant difference between treatments of NPK+St and NP, K fertilizer and straw could improve the proportion of available K and slowly available K, however reduce the proportion of mineral K;Compared with the beginning of the experiment, the content of available K in treatments of NPK and NPK+St and slowly available K in treatment of NPK+St was higher than that in original soil separately, and others showed the contrary;The consumption of soil K was more serious, which could consume more than 175.5 kg/hm² K2O annually, and except for treatment NPK+St, soil K was deficient in each treatment of the fixed site;Long-term application of K fertilizer and returning straw to soil could reduce the content of NH4+-N, available S, available Ca, available Mg and total P, however increase the content of organic matter, available P, available Cu, available Fe, available Mn, available Zn and total N, and their change degrees were different;During 14 years, wheat yield had no relations with application of K fertilizer and returning wheat straw to soil, and yield showed no significant difference between treatments.

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