张扬,赵世伟,梁向锋,华娟.保水剂对宁南山区马铃薯产量及土壤水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):27~32
保水剂对宁南山区马铃薯产量及土壤水分利用的影响
Effects of super absorbent on growth of potato and soil water utilization in the mountain area of Southern Ningxia
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.03.06
中文关键词:  PAM  沃特保水剂  马铃薯  水分利用效率
英文关键词:PAM  Wote super absorbent  potato  water use efficiency
基金项目:国家“863”计划课题(2006AA100219)； 国家“十一五”科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD09B08)
作者单位
张扬 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100, China；Craduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China 
赵世伟 nstitute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100, China 
梁向锋 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100, China；Craduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China 
华娟 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100, China；Craduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China 
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中文摘要:
      在宁南半干旱黄土丘陵区探讨大田施用PAM、沃特保水剂对马铃薯产量和土壤水分利用的影响。结果表明:PAM、沃特均可促进马铃薯生长、提高块茎产量,其中PAM 9.0 kg/2(P3)和沃特15 kg/2(W1)、沃特30kg/2(W2)、沃特60 kg/2(W3)处理马铃薯生物量和块茎产量显著高于CK(P<0.05),增产效果最明显。幼苗期、块茎形成期和块茎生长期各处理耗水量无显著差异,淀粉积累期CK耗水量极显著高于施用保水剂处理(P>0.01)。保水剂处理耗水量随着马铃薯生物量的增加而增大,降雨对土壤水分的补充随生物量的增大而减少。利用有序聚类分析得出,淀粉积累期降雨对土壤0~60 cm的水分储量有明显的补充,施用PAM和沃特两种保水剂,0~140 cm各层土壤储水量恢复相近,而140 cm以下土层沃特的恢复能力优于PAM,平均每20 cm土层储水量较PAM高6.2 mm。随着PAM施用量的增加水分利用效率提高,沃特保水剂则相反。沃特15 kg/2和PAM 9 kg/2处理水分利用效率、水分产出效率最高。通过对马铃薯产量和水分利用特征得出, PAM的用量为9 kg/hm2、沃特15kg/hm2为最佳用量。
英文摘要:
      Study was conducted on the effects of PAM and Wote super absorbent on growth of potato and soil water utilization in the mountain area of Southern Ningxia.The results showed: PAM and Wote super absorbent could not only stimulate the growth of potato, but also increase yield.Potato biomass and yield in PAM 9.0 kg/2 (P3) , Wote 15 kg/2 (W1) , Wote 30 kg/2 (W2) and Wote 60 kg/2 (W3) were higher than it in CK (P<0.05) .Super absorbent had obvious effect on yield increase of potato.In seedling stage, tuber initiation stage and growth stage, water consumption of potato in all treatments had no difference from that in CK.In starch accumulation period water consumptions in CK were significantly higher than that in super absorbent treatment (P<0.05) .In super absorbent treatment water consumption of potato increased with the increase of biomass, and precipitation recharge to soil reduced with the increase of biomass.The water use efficiency (WUE) increased with the increase of application rate of PAM, but there was a reverse trend on Wote.With applied sequential cluster method, soil water content was supplied by rainfall in starch accumulation period, and the depth of recharge was 60 cm.Upon application of PAM and Wote, soil water storage were recovered to similar level in 0～140 cm.Soil water storage in Wote was 6.2 mm higher than that in PAM under 140 cm.Water productive efficiency and yield-increasing effect of PAM 9.0 kg/2 and Wote 60 kg/2 were the best.
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