杨劲松,余世鹏,刘广明,李冬顺.黄淮海平原高水肥改良中低产田耕地质量动态评估[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):232~238
黄淮海平原高水肥改良中低产田耕地质量动态评估
Assessment of farmland quality in the improvement process of mid-low yield lands under high water-fertilizer treatments in Huang-Hua-i Hai Plain
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.03.43
中文关键词:  高水肥措施  优化施肥  中低产田  耕地质量  黄淮海平原
英文关键词:high water-fertilizer measure  optimized fertilization  mid-low yield lands  farmland quality  Huang-Huai-Hai Plain
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX1-YW-09)； 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX2-YW-406-3,KZCX2-YW-406-4)； 国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B04,2006BAD05B02)； 国家自然科学基金项目(40771097)； 国家“863”计划重点项目(2006AA100207)
作者单位
杨劲松 Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China 
余世鹏 Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China 
刘广明 Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China 
李冬顺 Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China 
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中文摘要:
      为研究黄淮海平原地区改良中低产田进程中广泛采取的高水肥措施对耕地综合质量发展的影响,在河南封丘布置田间小区试验,通过测产、采样和分析,研究不同施肥方案和不同肥料处理下的耕地土壤及作物的质量动态,评估各处理的利弊权重。结果表明:优化施肥和高水肥措施有利于提高作物根系吸水能力、增加作物对土壤氮素的利用、提高耕地作物产量和品质、抑制土壤碱性增加。但是当前施肥制度尤其在高肥处理下耕地土壤有板结现象;优化施肥方案中的高肥处理不利于底层土壤脱盐,易引发土壤次生盐渍化;高水肥措施下土壤保肥能力较差。针对不同施肥处理的利弊权重提出以优化施肥技术和高水肥措施为技术主导进行中低产田改良,增加耕地作物产量和改善品质,同时需配合土壤次生盐渍化防控措施、土壤培肥措施和农艺措施,除弊扬利,实现耕地综合质量的全面、持续提升。
英文摘要:
      In order to study the impacts of high water-fertilizer treatments widely used in the improvement process of mid-low yield lands in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain on the comprehensive farmland quality, field experiment was conducted in Fengqiu, Henan Province.By calculating field yield, sampling and testing soil and plant, the comprehensive quality dynamics of soil and crops under different treatments were analyzed, and the weights of advantages and disadvantages of each treatment were assessed.The results show that the treatments of optimized fertilization and high water-fertilizer were beneficial to the increasing of water absorption ability of crop root, to the increasing of the fertilizer N use ratio by crops, to the increasing of crop yield and quality, and to the decreasing of soil alkalescency.However, the hardening of farmland soil appeared because of using current fertilization methods, especially using high water-fertilizer measure. The treatment of high extent fertilizer in the program of optimized fertilization wasn't good for the soil salt leaching, which might cause secondary soil salinization.The high water-fertilizer measure wasn't good for the increasing of nutrient preserving capability of farmland soil.Based on different weights of advantages and disadvantages of each treatment, the measures of optimized fertilization and high water-fertilizer can be used as the leading technique to improve mid-low yield lands and to increase crop yield and crop quality.Meanwhile, measures for preventing secondary soil salinization and for increasing soil fertility and scientific cultivation measures have to be combined and used to eliminate the disadvantages of high water-fertilizer measure and to increase the comprehensive farmland quality.
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