王育红,蔡典雄,姚宇卿,王小彬,吕军杰,李俊红,丁志强,张洁.豫西旱坡地长期定位保护性耕作研究——Ⅰ．连年免耕和深松覆盖对冬小麦生育及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):47~51
豫西旱坡地长期定位保护性耕作研究——Ⅰ．连年免耕和深松覆盖对冬小麦生育及产量的影响
Study on long-term site-specific conservation tillage on sloping dryland in the western part of Henan —Ⅰ．Effects of No-till and subsoiling with mulching on growth characteristics and yield of winter wheat
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.05.09
中文关键词:  保护性耕作  长期定位试验  旱区坡耕地  产量
英文关键词:conservational tillage  long-term site-specific trial  sloping dryland  yield
基金项目:中国-比利时国际科技合作项目(13V33948)； 国际CIMMYT“水和粮食挑战计划”项目(2002AA6Z3311)
作者单位
王育红 Luoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Luoyang， He’nan 471022， China 
蔡典雄 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 10082， China 
姚宇卿 Luoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Luoyang， He’nan 471022， China 
王小彬 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 10082， China 
吕军杰 Luoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Luoyang， He’nan 471022， China 
李俊红 Luoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Luoyang， He’nan 471022， China 
丁志强 Luoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Luoyang， He’nan 471022， China 
张洁 Luoyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Luoyang， He’nan 471022， China 
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中文摘要:
      利用长期定位试验方法(1999~2006年),在豫西旱区坡耕地上进行了不同保护耕作冬小麦生育及产量效应研究。结果表明:深松覆盖和免耕覆盖随着实施年限增加,均有增产效果。深松覆盖稳产、增产效果好于免耕覆盖。与传统耕作比,深松覆盖增产幅度为4.88%~20.90%,平均增产8.77%。免耕覆盖在实施初表现出显著减产,但免耕覆盖在生育期内干旱及夏休闲干旱年份能显著提高小麦产量,平均增产3.70%。免耕覆盖和深松覆盖下冬小麦前期生长发育迟缓,株高降低、主茎叶龄、单株分蘖、次生根数和叶面积减少,根重和生物量减轻;拔节后,冬小麦生长发育快,各项指标(除单株分蘖)逐渐赶上并超过传统耕作。从灌浆特性分析,免耕覆盖和深松覆盖能提高最大灌浆速率,延缓后期灌浆速率下降,延长灌浆时间,进而提高小麦的千粒重。
英文摘要:
      Based on long-term site-specific trials from 1999 to 2006, this paper studied the effects of subsoiling (ST) with mulching and no-till with mulching (NT) on yield and growth characteristics of winter wheat.The results were as following: compared with conventional tillage (CK) , ST and NT could increase the yield of winter wheat with their application going on, and ST was better than NT.Compared with CK, ST increased yield by 4.88%～20.90%, averaging 8.77% for 7 years.NT decreased yield in early application, but it could boost significantly yield in dry years, with an average increasing rate of 3.70% over CK.Under ST and NT treatments, winter wheat grew more slowly, which behaved as falling of plant height, decreasing of leaves of the main stem, tillers per plant, second roots, weight and leaf area index in early growth period.After jointing, winter wheat developed faster under the two kinds of conservational tillage.Except tillers per plant, the others were beyond that of CK.The maximum filling rate was enhanced under the conservational tillage, delaying last filling slowing and prolonging tilling time, so that 1000-grain weight was improved.
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