侯贤清,韩清芳,贾志宽,李永平,杨宝平.半干旱区夏闲期不同耕作方式对土壤水分及小麦水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):52~58
半干旱区夏闲期不同耕作方式对土壤水分及小麦水分利用效率的影响
Effects of different tillage practices in summer fallow period on soil water and crop water use efficiency in sem-i arid areas
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.05.10
中文关键词:  半干旱区  耕作方式  土壤水分  水分利用效率  冬小麦
英文关键词:semi-arid area  tillage practice  soil moisture  water use efficiency  winter wheat
基金项目:“十一五”国家科技支撑课题“农田集雨保水关键技术研究”(2006BAD29B03)； “节水共性技术研究”课题(2007BAD88B10)
作者单位
侯贤清 The Arid and Sem-i arid Areas Research Center of Agriculture， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China；Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Ecology Chinese Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A ＆F University， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China 
韩清芳 The Arid and Sem-i arid Areas Research Center of Agriculture， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China；Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Ecology Chinese Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A ＆F University， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China 
贾志宽 The Arid and Sem-i arid Areas Research Center of Agriculture， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China；Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Ecology Chinese Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A ＆F University， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China 
李永平 Guyuan Institute of Agricultural Sciences，Guyuan， Ningxia 756000， China 
杨宝平 The Arid and Sem-i arid Areas Research Center of Agriculture， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China；Key Laboratory of Crop Production and Ecology Chinese Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A ＆F University， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100， China 
摘要点击次数: 233
全文下载次数: 136
中文摘要:
      在宁南旱平地进行了夏闲期深松、免耕及传统翻耕 (对照) 对土壤水分及后作冬小麦水分利用效率影响的研究。结果表明, 夏闲期深松和传统翻耕能有效地蓄雨保墒, 提高旱平地冬小麦播前的土壤贮水量, 深松和翻耕土壤蓄墒率极显著高于免耕处理, 深松处理较翻耕高0.79%;夏闲期末深松处理0~200 cm土壤贮水量 (310.78 mm) 分别较免耕、传统翻耕高8.23 mm、1.61 mm。深松和免耕较传统翻耕显著改善了冬小麦苗期的土壤水分状况, 对越冬期0~60 cm耕层土壤水分状况的改善有利于冬小麦的越冬。苗期0~200 cm土壤贮水量深松、免耕分别较传统翻耕 (351.05 mm) 高35.9 mm、28.8 mm, 不同的耕作处理对后作冬小麦苗期的土壤水分影响差异主要在80 cm以上土层。冬小麦返青期降雨主要使0~80 cm土层土壤贮水量有所增加, 处理间的差异减小。夏闲期深松处理能有效地增加对降雨的蓄保能力, 提高旱地冬小麦播前及整个生长阶段0~200 cm的土壤贮水量。不同耕作方式的冬小麦产量以夏闲期翻耕处理最高(3 475.9 kg·hm-2) , 与深松处理 (3 322.0 kg·hm-2) 无显著差异, 免耕显著低于其它2种耕作处理;水分利用效率以翻耕最高〔14.12 kg·hm-2·mm-1 〕, 深松次之〔13.62 kg·hm-2·mm-1 〕, 免耕处理显著低于前二者〔10.64 kg·hm-2·mm-1 〕。
英文摘要:
      Study on the subsoiling tillage (ST) , no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on soil water and water use efficiency of aftercrop winter wheat in the flat field during the summer fallow period was conducted in southern Ningxia semi-arid area.The result showed that the subsoiling and conventional tillage could save soil water effectively to rainfall during summer fallow period, so as to enhance soil water storage before sowing.Compared with no-tillage, the infiltration rate of subsoiling and conventional tillage to mainten soil water was extremely significant, and the subsoiling was higher than conventional tillage by 0.97%.During summer terminal stage, the soil water storage of the subsoiling (310.78 mm) in 0～200 cm soil layer was higher than both conventional tillage and no-tillage, which is 8.23 mm and 1.61 mm respectively.Compared with conventional tillage, the soil water could be improved by subsoiling and no-tillage during seedlings period of winter wheat.Subsoiling and no-tillage also advantage to winter wheat during wintering period in the depth of 0～60 cm.During seedling stage, the soil water in 0～200 cm soil layer could be increased by subsoiling (35.9 mm) and no-tillage (28.8 mm) , which was higher than conventional tillage control.During aftercrop winter wheat seedlings, the major influence of different tillage treatments to soil water was in the depth of 0～80 cm.During winter wheat regreening stage, the soil water storage had been increased by rainfall in 0～80 cm soil layer.The difference among the three treatments was decreased.During summer fallow period, the subsoiling enhanced effectively, the capacity of both saving soil water and winter wheat soil water storage of dry land in the depth of 0～200 cm before sowing and during the peorid of the main growth stage.Among different tillage treatments, the highest yield of winter wheat was the treatment of conventional tillage in summer fallow period which reached 3 475.9 kg·hm-2 and there was no obvious difference between conventional tillage and subsoiling (3 322.0 kg·hm-2) .The best treatment in the aspect of water use efficiency was conventional tillage, and the following was subsoiling, which were 14.12 kg·hm-2·mm-1 and 13.62 kg·hm-2·mm-1 respectively, while no-tillage droped to 10.64 kg·hm-2·mm-1 , significantly lower than the other two.
查看全文  查看/发表评论  下载PDF阅读器