马志卿,江志利,刘月仙,薛少平,郝明德,朱瑞祥,冯佰利,张兴.渭北旱塬保护性耕作春玉米田杂草发生及防除[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):76~82
渭北旱塬保护性耕作春玉米田杂草发生及防除
Study on weed occurrence and control in conservational tillage for spring maize in Weibei dry plateau
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.05.14
中文关键词:  黄土高原  保护性耕作  春玉米  杂草  防治效果
英文关键词:loess plateau  conservational tillage  spring maize  weed  control effect
基金项目:先正达农业科教及农村发展项目； 农业部创新项目； 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-424-3)
作者单位
马志卿 Biorational Pesticide R＆D Center of Northwest A＆F University， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100, China 
江志利 Biorational Pesticide R＆D Center of Northwest A＆F University， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100, China 
刘月仙 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering of Northwest A ＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China 
薛少平 Huangling Stock Seed Propagation Farm, Huangling, Shaanxi 727300, China 
郝明德 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering of Northwest A ＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China 
朱瑞祥 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering of Northwest A ＆F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China 
冯佰利 College of Agronomy of Northwest A ＆F University Yangling Shaanxi712100 China 
张兴 Biorational Pesticide R＆D Center of Northwest A＆F University， Yangling， Shaanxi 712100, China 
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中文摘要:
      通过田间调查和药效试验,对渭北旱塬一年一熟区春玉米田保护性耕作条件下杂草发生规律及化学除草效果进行了初步研究。结果表明:倒秆免耕秸秆全程覆盖春玉米田杂草种类与传统翻耕田差别不明显,优势种均为田旋花、反枝苋和灰绿藜,主要差别在于保护性耕作农田杂草生物量大。96%金都尔乳油900 mL·hm-2和70%乙草胺乳油900 mL·hm-2土壤封闭处理对保护性耕作春玉米田杂草均具有一定的防效,且对玉米出苗无影响,而96%金都尔乳油播后封闭处理明显优于70%乙草胺乳油,其50d的鲜重防效仍高达87.4%;20%克无踪水剂1 500 mL·hm-2和40%莠去津悬浮剂2 250mL·hm-2定向喷雾处理也可有效控制春玉米田杂草,但20%克无踪水剂明显优于40%莠去津悬浮剂,其23 d的株防效仍高达88.4%;4种药剂的3种防治方法均具有保产作用,其中20%克无踪水剂处理后保产效果最好。可见,在黄土高原保护性耕作玉米田杂草防治中,可优先考虑以96%金都尔乳油进行播后土壤封闭处理,其次可选用20%克无踪水剂于苗期进行定向喷雾处理。
英文摘要:
      An experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of different planting patterns of spring maize as one crop per year on weed occurrence law and chemical weeding effect in Weibei dry plateau.The results show that there is no significant difference about weed species in spring maize filed between conservational tillage and no-till, straw mulch (CNS) and conventional tillage (CT) .The dominant species are Convolvulus arvensis L., Chenopodium glaucum and Amaranthus retroflexus L., while the main difference lies in dense density of weed under conventional tillage.After soil is treated with 96% Dual Gold EC or 70% acetochlor EC under 900 mL·hm-2, there is a certain control efficacy to weeds and safety for maize for conservational tillage.The effect of Dual Gold was superior to acetochlor, and the fresh weight control effect is as high as 87.4% after 50 d.Both 20% Gramoxone at 1.5 L·hm-2 and 40% Atrazine SC at 2.25 L·hm-2 can effectively control weeds in corn fields by spraying, and Gramoxone is better than Atrazine, the effect is as high as 88.4% after 23 d.The three kinds of control methods of the four herbcides tested all have a yield-protecting function, among which 20% Gramoxone water agent had the best effect.Thus, for weed control in corn fields under conservational tillage in the Loess Plateau, we can give priority to Dual Gold 96% EC for soil treament after tillage, followed by directional spray of 20% Gramoxone water agent in the seedling stage.
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