稀植栽培对旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响

李尚中; 樊廷录; 王立明; 王勇; 赵刚; 唐小明

李尚中,樊廷录,王立明,王勇,赵刚,唐小明.稀植栽培对旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(6):102~107

稀植栽培对旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of low seedling density cultivation on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland winter wheat

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2009.06.20

中文关键词: 稀植栽培旱地冬小麦光合特性产量水分利用效率

英文关键词:ow seedling density cultivation dryland winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics grain yield water use efficiency

基金项目:国家“十一五”科技支撑计划基金(2006BAD29B07)；甘肃省科技重大专项基金(0801NKDA017)；农业部甘肃镇原黄土旱塬生态环境重点野外科学观测站基金；农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室基金

作者	单位
李尚中	Institute of Dryland Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
樊廷录	Department of Scientific Research Management Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
王立明	Institute of Dryland Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
王勇	Institute of Dryland Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
赵刚	Institute of Dryland Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
唐小明	Institute of Dryland Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China

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中文摘要:

为了探明稀植栽培对旱地冬小麦光合特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响,在大田试验条件下,测定分析了不同稀植条件下4个主茎和分蘖成穗并重型冬小麦品种旗叶的光合速率、光合量子产量、相对电子传递速率及群体透光特性、小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率。结果表明,在从扬花到蜡熟期,稀植栽培可使小麦旗叶光合速率、光合量子产量、相对电子传递速率和群体透光率提高,各品种之间变化较为一致。播量为450万株/hm²(传统高产栽培播量)处理比150万株/hm²播量处理旗叶的光合衰减率提高25.2~43.5个百分点,光合量子产量和相对电子传递速率分别降低2.95%~20.68%和10.66%~18.32%,群体上层的光截获量增加,中下部受光条件较差。表明稀植栽培下小麦生育后期在光合能力、电子传递和光能转化方面均具有明显优势。适当降低播量(300~375万株/hm²),建立合理的群体结构,冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率较播量为450万株/hm²处理分别平均提高12.55%和14.48%,表明适当稀植栽培能显著提高冬小麦的产量和水分利用效率。

英文摘要:

In order to evaluate effects of low seedling density cultivation on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland winter wheat,the photosynthetic rate and photosynthesis yield and relative electron transport rate of winter wheat flag leaves,light transmission rate of population,grain yield and water use efficiency were measured and analyzed with 4 winter wheat varieties under lower density in field experiments.The results showed that,in the period from anthesis to dough stage,photosynthetic rate and photosynthesis yield and relative electron transport rate of flag leaves,light transmission rate of population were improved by low seeding density cultivation,change trend of them among different wheat varieties were the same.Compared with plant density of 150×10⁴ plants/hm²,photosynthesis attenuation rate of traditional plant density of 450×10⁴ plants/hm² increased by 25.2～43.5 percent point,photosynthesis yield and relative electron transport rate of them decreased 2.95%～20.68% and 10.66%～18.32%,respectively,and the proportion of the reception of photosynthesis active radiation increased upper the layer of flag leaf,and decreased the proportion received lower the layer of flag leaf.These suggested that low seedling density cultivation have great advantages in photosynthesis ability,electron transfer,and light energy transform at late growth stage.The relative low planting density(300～375×10⁴ plants/hm²) will benefit the construction of population structure,which increases grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland winter wheat to a much higher level,and the grain yield and water use efficiency were respectively increased by 12.55% and 14.48% compared to that of traditional plant density of 450×10⁴ plants/hm².

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