| 陈强强,孙小花.基于ImPACT等式的人类活动对草原环境的影响——以甘南州草原牧区为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(1):168~174 |
| 基于ImPACT等式的人类活动对草原环境的影响——以甘南州草原牧区为例 |
| Analysis of impact of human activities on grassland environment based on ImPACT identity——A case study of pastoral area of Gannan |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2010.01.31 |
| 中文关键词: IPAT等式 ImPACT等式 环境影响 ImPACTS等式 社会资源 |
| 英文关键词:IPAT identity ImPACT identity impact on environment ImPACTS identity social resources |
| 基金项目:农业部软科学项目“中国草原建设工程项目效益评价的理论、方法及实证研究”(20512) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 运用ImPACT等式，以甘南藏族自治州草原牧区为例，对人类活动草原环境压力的影响进行了实证研究。结果表明，1985～2020年，经济每增长1%，会引起草原环境压力相应地发生15.79%的变化，其中人口（P）和人均GDP（A）的增长对草原环境压力产生正效应，而草原资源利用效率（T）的提高和畜产品使用强度（C）的降低有利于抑制环境压力的上升；不同时期人类活动对草原环境的压力不同，且整体呈现出“U”型曲线，并不支持环境库兹涅茨曲线的观点；天然草原恢复与建设项目的实施，在一定时期内缓解了草原环境压力，但要切实实现草原资源的可持续利用，必然要动用当地另一重要资源即社会资源。利用ImPACTS等式测算得到，若考虑社会资源，则经济每增长1%，对草原环境的压力相应发生6.2%的变化，较不动用社会资源时下降了9.6%，社会资源的动用极大地减轻了草原环境压力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Analysis of impact of human activities on environment has become a hot topic in the current time. On the basis of introducing the ImPACT identity combined with a case study of pastoral area in Gannan of Northwest China's Gansu Province during 1985～2020, the paper analyzes the effect of anthropogenic driving forces on environment of grassland including total population, affluence, livestock products intensity and consumption of grassland per unit
livestock product. It is found that a 1% change in economic increase results in a 15.79% change, especially the increase of population and GDP have positive impact, while the improvement of utilization efficiency of grassland and decrease of intensity of livestock can check the rapidly increasing environmental pressure. In the growth of affluence the coefficient of affluence elasticity of impact will increase. So in the empirical study, the overall findings do not support the environment Kuznets curve hypothesis, however, the impact of human activities on environment appears “U” curve wholly. The project of natural grassland recovery and construction was implemented during 2000～2004 in pastoral area in Gannan. At a certain period of time the project played an important role in alleviating the environmental pressure. So another kind of resources, namely social resources should be paid more attention to for the sustainable utilization of grassland. And after calculating the ImPACTS identity, it shows that if we consider social resources, a 1% change in economic increase would result in a 6.2% change
in environment pressure. That is to say, the social resources can alleviate the environmental pressure of grassland greatly, which decreases from 15.79% before considering social resources to 6.2% after putting social resources to practice. |
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