杨小利,姚小英,蒲金涌.陇东南干旱区农田土壤水分蒸散变化特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(4):14~18
陇东南干旱区农田土壤水分蒸散变化特征
The variation characteristics of evapotranspiration of soil moisture in dry farmland in Southeast Gansu
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2010.04.03
中文关键词:  陇东南干旱区  土壤水  蒸散发  变化特征
英文关键词:dry farmland  the southeast Gansu Province  soil water  evapotranspiration  variation characteristics
基金项目:甘肃省气象局“十人计划”项目； 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所干旱气象基金(IAM200803)；国家科技部公益行业科研专项“西北地区旱作农业对气候变暖的响应特征及其预警和应对技术研究”(200806065)
作者单位
杨小利 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
甘肃省平凉市气象局,甘肃 平凉 744000 
姚小英 甘肃省天水市气象局,甘肃 天水 741000 
蒲金涌 甘肃省天水农业气象试验站,甘肃 天水 741020 
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中文摘要:
      用Peman公式计算了20世纪6090年代陇东南旱作区农田40 a潜在蒸散值,分析了潜在蒸散的时空变化并与蒸发器实测值进行比较。结果表明:潜在蒸散值受气温、降水的支配比较大,80年代最小,其次为70、60年代,90年代增幅最大,其中关山区增幅最为明显;90年代各地各季潜在蒸散值均达到高值点,其中夏季最高,冬季最小;潜在蒸散量与实测蒸发量变化趋势基本一致;6090年代各地平均年潜在蒸散值比实测值高30%左右,其中春、夏、秋三季潜在蒸散均大于蒸发器所测值,以夏季相差最大,达50%左右,冬季潜在蒸散则小于蒸发器所测值;90年代以来,各地土壤水分亏缺值增多,尤以春季亏缺最多,对作物生长影响较大。
英文摘要:
      Using the Peman formula, value of potential evapotranspiration in dry farmland in the southeast Cansu Province in 1960s~1990s was calculated，and the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of potential evapotranspi-ration were analyzed, and the calculated value was compared with that measured by evaporation pan. The result showed that the value of potential evapotranspiration was mainly influenced by temperature and precipitation. The minimum value appeared in 1980s, while the maximum increasing value appeared in 1990s , especially in Guanshan area. The potential evapotranspiration reached the maximum in every season in 1990s, and summer was the highest season, while winter the smallest . The variation tendency of potential evapotranspiration and the measured one is basically consistent . The value of potential evapotranspiration was higher than the measured one by 30% during 1960s~1990s, especially in summer which was higher than the measured one by about 50 %, while smaller than the measured one in winter. The shortage of soil moisture increased continuously since 1990s in dry farmland, especially in spring, which had great influence on crops' growth.
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