| 王育红,姚宇卿,蔡典雄,王小彬,吕军杰,李俊红,丁志强,张洁.豫西旱坡地长期定位保护性耕作研究——ш.综合效益分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):52~58 |
| 豫西旱坡地长期定位保护性耕作研究——ш.综合效益分析 |
| Study on site-specific long-term conservation tillage on dry sloping farmland in Western He'nan——III. Analysis of conservation tillage on comprehensive benefits |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2010.05.10 |
| 中文关键词: 保护性耕作 综合效益 豫西旱坡地 |
| 英文关键词:conservation tillage comprehensive benefits dry sloping farmland in Western Henan |
| 基金项目:中国-比利时国际科技合作项目（13V33948）；国际CIMMYT “水和粮食挑战计划”项目（2002AA6Z3311） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 分析豫西旱地保护性耕作的经济、社会、生态等综合效益，筛选出适宜的耕作措施，可为河南省建立粮丰工程技术平台，实现农业可持续发展提供参考依据。本研究就中国农科院洛阳旱作试验基地孟津县送庄观测场，保护性耕作（免耕覆盖与深松覆盖）与传统耕作1999～2006年长期定位田间试验与模拟试验资料进行了系统分析。结果表明：深松覆盖和免耕覆盖每公顷分别节本412元和562元，7年平均增产8.78%和3.
70%，净增效益888.2元和762.7元，水分利用效率提高1.0 kg/(mm·hm2)和0.4 kg/(mm·hm2)，夏休闲降水贮蓄率可提高15.8%和12.5%。自然降水和模拟降水条件下，保护性耕作保水保土效果随着实施年份的增加而增加。在保护性耕作实施初期，深松覆盖的水土保持效果优于免耕覆盖的，2年后免耕覆盖的水土保持效果略优于深松覆盖的。土坡耕地养分流失最严重的是钾，其次是氮，磷的流失相对较小；免耕覆盖和深松覆盖对N和K的流失有不同程度的减少作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper analyzed economical benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit of conservation tillage in western part of Henan so that proper tillage treatments can be selected to implement sustaining agricultural development. The research took use of field plots trial, field simulation rainfall trial and demonstration in farm field at the Songzhuang experiment station of Luoyang Dryland Farming Experiment Base of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 1999～2006. Compared with conventional tillage (CK), subsoil tillage with straw stubble mulch (ST) and no tillage with straw stubble mulch
(NT) could decrease production cost by 412 yuan and 562 yuan per hm2, increase wheat yield (average of 7 years) by 8.78% and 3.70%, net income by 888.2 yuan and 762.7 yuan, heighten WUE by 1.0 kg/(mm·hm2) and 0.4 kg/(mm·hm2), and boost rainfall storeage ratio by 15.8% and 12.5%. Under natural rainfall and simulated rainfall experiments, conservation tillage had better effect on soil and water conservation with its implementation time continuing. The effect of ST was better than that of NT. But 2 years later, the effect of NT was little better than that of ST. Soil nutrient kalium loss of the sloping loess farmland was the most, secondly soil nitrogen, while soil phosphorus was the smallest. ST and NT could decrease runoff of nutrient concentration and quantity. |
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