马晓丽,贾志宽,肖恩时,王雯玥,刘婷,刘艳红,崔荣美.渭北旱塬秸秆还田对土壤水分及作物水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):59~64
渭北旱塬秸秆还田对土壤水分及作物水分利用效率的影响
Effects of wheat-residue application on soil water and water use efficiency in the Weibei Loess Plateau
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2010.05.11
中文关键词:  秸秆还田  土壤贮水量  产量  水分利用效率
英文关键词:wheat residue incorporation  water storage  yield  water use efficiency
基金项目:国家十一五支撑计划“农田集雨保水关键技术研究”(2006BAD29B03)；陕西省农业科技创新项目（2010NKC-03）
作者单位
马晓丽 西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心，农业部作物生产与生态重点开放实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100； 汉中市农业技术推广中心， 陕西 汉中 723000 
贾志宽 西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心，农业部作物生产与生态重点开放实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
肖恩时 西北农林科技大学农学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
王雯玥 西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心，农业部作物生产与生态重点开放实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
刘婷 西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心，农业部作物生产与生态重点开放实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
刘艳红 西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心，农业部作物生产与生态重点开放实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
崔荣美 西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱农业研究中心，农业部作物生产与生态重点开放实验室， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
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中文摘要:
      探讨秸秆还田对渭北旱塬区土壤水分状况、冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。在陕西合阳进行连续两年的秸秆还田定位试验，研究秸秆还田对不同层次土壤水分变化、产量及作物水分利用效率的影响。从小麦播种到抽穗期秸秆还田量 9 000 kg/hm2和6 000 kg/hm2处理的0～80 cm土层贮水量分别较对照高15.96 mm和10.74 mm，还田量9 000 kg/hm2处理的贮水量与对照间差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05)，且80～200 cm土层贮水量较对照高15.11 mm，差异达极显著水平(P＜0.01)，但 还田量6 000 kg/hm2处理的80～200 cm土层贮水量与对照差异不显著。还田量9　000 kg／hm2处理的产量、耗水量和水分利用效率均与对照间差异显著(P＜0.05)，分别较对照增加15.70%、5.66%和8.9%；还田量6 000 kg/hm2处理的产量较对照增加6.22%，较还田量9 000 kg/hm2处理减少8.93%，差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05)，其耗水量和水分利用效率与对照差异不显著。秸秆还田对土壤蓄水保墒具有重要作用；还可显著地提高冬小麦产量、水分利用效率和耗水量，且表现出随秸秆还田量的增加而增加。
英文摘要:
      The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wheat-residue application on soil moisture, winter wheat yield and water use efficiency. Experiments on application of wheat straw to soil in the Weibei Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province were conducted during 2008～2009 to study the effect of straw returning on soil moisture changes at different layers, crop yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that from sowing to heading stage, wheat-residue application treatment of 9 000 kg/hm2 made a significant difference compared to control, in the 0～80 cm soil layer, the soil water storage was increased by 15.96 mm (P＜0.05), while in the 80～200 cm layer, it was increased by 15.11 mm (P＜0.01). In the 0～80 cm soil layer, soil water storage with the treatment of 6 000 kg/hm2 was increased by 10.74 mm compared with control. Wheat residue application treatment of 9 000 kg/hm2 made a great contribution to the improvement of winter wheat yield, water use efficiency and water consumption, all increased by 15.70%, 5.66% and 8.9% respectively compare d with control. At the same time, straw returning treatment of 6 000 kg/hm2 increased winter wheat yield by 6.22% (P＜0.05) compared with control, while i t was 8.93% (P＜0.05) less than that with 9 000 kg/hm2 treatment, and there was no significant difference in water use efficiency and water consumption co mpared with control. As a whole, application of wheat straw to soil is important for the improvement of soil water storage, and it can significantly increase winter wheat yield, water use efficiency and water consumption.
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