| 杨素苗,李保国,齐国辉,张雪梅,郭素萍.灌溉方式对红富士苹果根系活力和新梢生长及果实产量质量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(5):181~184 |
| 灌溉方式对红富士苹果根系活力和新梢生长及果实产量质量的影响 |
| Effects of different irrigation patterns on root activity, new shoot growth, fruit yield and quality of red Fuji apple |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2010.05.34 |
| 中文关键词: 灌溉方式 红富士苹果 根系活力 新梢生长 果实产质量 |
| 英文关键词:irrigation pattern red Fuji apple root activity new shoot growth fruit yield and quality |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划（2007BAD69B07）； 河北省科技厅科技攻关项目（06230202D） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了筛选适合太行山片麻岩山地果园的节水灌溉方式，以长富2苹果为试材，研究了滴灌、微喷、小管出流、大水漫灌和不灌5个灌溉方式下红富士苹果根系活力、新梢生长、果实产量和品质。结果表明，在滴灌、微喷和小管出流的灌溉总量比大水漫灌减少了54.2%、53.1%、54.8%的情况下，小管出流根系活力在6月22日达到最高，为276.20 μg/(g·h)，滴灌、大水漫灌和微喷根系活力在7月21日达到最高，不灌根系活力在5月20日最高，以后随处理时间的延长逐渐降低，小管出流根系活力均值为260.19 μg/(g·h)，显著高于其它处理；大水漫灌、微喷、滴灌、小管出流、不灌5个处理在9月底新梢长度分别为60.86、48.25、40
.84、41.65、31.81 cm；大水漫灌的单株产量最高，为50.33 kg，与小管出流和滴灌无显著差异，小管出流的糖酸比最高，为44.28，极显著高于其它处理。说明在太行山片麻岩山地果园，小管出流灌溉是能够使树体维持较高根系活力、平衡生长和保持较高产量和品质的较优节水灌溉方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to screen out the most effective water-saving irrigation patterns suitable for orchards in gneiss areas of the Taihang Mountains, a field experiment was conducted there with Changfu-2 apple as tested material to evaluate the effects of different irrigation patterns, i.e, drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler, small-pipe flow, flood irrigation and non-irrigation on roots activity, new shoot growth, fruit yield and quality of red Fuji apple. The results showed that, in the case that the total irrigation amount of drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler
and small-pipe flow were respectively reduced by 54.2%, 53.1% and 54.8% compared to that of flood irrigation, the root activity under small-pipe-flow irrigation reached the highest in June 22 that was up to 276.20 μg/(g·h), and the root activity under drip irrigation, flooding irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation reached the highest in July 21, while that of non irrigation reached the highest in May 20 then decreased gradually with the treated time going on. And the average root activity under small-pipe flow was the highest that up to 260.19 μg/(g·h), which was significant higher than that of other treatments; in the end of September new shoot lengths under flood irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, small-pipe flow and non-irrigated were respectively up to 60.86 cm, 48.25 cm, 40.84 cm, 41.65 cm and 31.81 cm; the maximum of yield per plant was appeared at flood irrigation treatment and the amount was 50.33
kg, there was no significant difference with small-pipe flow and drip irrigation, the maximum of sugar-acid ratio was appeared at small-pipe flow and the number was 44.28, significantly higher than under other treatments. The experiment demonstrated that small-pipe flow irrigation was a high-quality efficient irrigation pattern in gneiss mountainous orchards, which could maintain higher root activity, balance growth and keep higher yield and quality of fruit. |
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