不同水分条件下作物蒸腾效率的比较研究

李玉欣; 师长海; 乔匀周; 董宝娣; 翟红梅; 刘孟雨

李玉欣,师长海,乔匀周,董宝娣,翟红梅,刘孟雨.不同水分条件下作物蒸腾效率的比较研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):40~46

不同水分条件下作物蒸腾效率的比较研究

Crop transpiration efficiency under different soil water conditions

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2010.06.08

中文关键词: 小麦玉米谷子高粱耗水量蒸腾效率收获指数

英文关键词:wheat com sorghum millet transpiration efficiency water consumption harvest index

基金项目:国家科技支撑计划(2009BADA3B-03)；中国科学院创新方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-N-042-01,KSCX2-YW-N-004)；国家863(2006AA100221)；国家自然基金(30870411)；国家“十一五”科技支撑计划课题(2008BAD95B13)

作者	单位
李玉欣	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄 050021 中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
师长海	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄 050021 中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
乔匀周	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄 050021
董宝娣	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄 050021
翟红梅	石家庄学院化工学院,河北石家庄 050035
刘孟雨	中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄 050021

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中文摘要:

通过盆栽试验,研究了三种土壤水分下(高水、中水、低水,分别占田间持水量的80%~85%、70%~75%、60%~65%)小麦、高粱、玉米、谷子的生物量、耗水量、蒸腾效率(TE)及干物质分配的特点。结果表明,随土壤含水量的降低,作物的生物量、耗水量降低,单株蒸腾效率(TE_单株)升高,其中高粱的TE单株升高幅度最大为53.6%。随土壤水分的降低,作物的净光合速率、蒸腾速率降低,作物通过大幅度降低蒸腾速率来维持较高的叶片蒸腾效率(TE_叶片)。作物全生育期的TE_叶片呈单峰趋势,小麦、玉米的TE_叶片在开花期均达到最大值,谷子和高粱的分别在灌浆期和抽穗期达到最大值。相关分析表明,作物的TE_产量与收获指数显著正相关(小麦:R²=0.632,玉米:R²=0.994,高粱:R²=0.920,谷子:R²=0.949)。谷子在低水环境中具有更合理的干物质分配机制,小麦在中、低水环境中能够保持较高的收获指数和TE_产量,它对水分的变动不敏感,适宜生长的水分条件较广泛。

英文摘要:

Pot experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of biomass，water consumption, transpiration efficiency(TE) and dry matter distribution of wheat, sorghum, corm, millet under 3 soil moisture conditions (L: 60%~ 65% of field capacity; M: 70%~75% of field capacity; H: 80%~85% of field capacity) . The results showed that:With the decreasing of soil moisture, the crop biomass and water consumption reduced, plant TE increased. The TE in-creasing range of sorghum was 53. 6%，which was the largest among 4 crops. With the reduction of soil moisture, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate (Tr) became lower. Crop maintained a high leave TE(TEI) by a significant re-duction of Tr. TEI of crop showed a single peak trend change within growth stages , wheat and com reached the maximum at the flowering stage, while the TEI peak of millet and sorghum appeared in grainfilling stage and heading stage, re-spectively. Correlation analysis showed that TEy and harvest index (HI) was significantly positively related (wheat:R²=0.632，com:R² =0.994, sorghum:R² =0.920，millet: R²=0.949). There was a more reasonable dry matter distribution mechanism for millet in low soil moisture environment, while wheat could maintain higher HI and TEy in medium and low water environments, and it was not sensitive to soil moisture change and could grow in broader soil mois-ture conditions.

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