晏清洪,王伟,任德新,武阳,马英杰,黄兴法.滴灌湿润比对成龄库尔勒香梨生长及耗水规律的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):7~13
滴灌湿润比对成龄库尔勒香梨生长及耗水规律的影响
Effects of wetted soil percentage on the growth and water use of mature Korla fragrant pear trees under drip irrigation
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.01.02
中文关键词:  滴灌  湿润比  成龄库尔勒香梨  耗水规律  果实生长
英文关键词:drip irrigation  wetted percent  mature Korla fragrant pear  water consumption pattern  fruit growth
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目（2007BAD38B00）；国家自然科学基金项目（50879087）
作者单位
晏清洪 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 北京 100083 
王伟 中国农业大学工学院， 北京 100083 
任德新 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究所， 新疆 库尔勒 841000 
武阳 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 北京 100083 
马英杰 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052 
黄兴法 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 北京 100083 
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中文摘要:
      田间试验采用3种滴灌湿润比（20%、40%、60%），并以传统漫灌（土壤湿润比为100%）为对照，利用负压计和石膏块监测果树根区土壤水势，观测不同生育阶段内果树的生长指标；用水量平衡法计算不同处理梨树不同生育期的日均耗水量、作物系数与蒸发皿系数。试验结果表明，充分灌溉条件下，滴灌湿润比为20%、40%、60%的成龄香梨树生育期内的耗水量较漫灌分别减少了69.11%、63.91%、55.05%； 20%、40%和60%滴灌湿润比均对果树的枝条生长产生抑制作用，枝条最终生长量分别减少了9%、5%、3%；3种湿润比灌溉处理的果实均较漫灌的果实体积大，且果实品质得到一定程度的改善。成龄库尔勒香梨灌水方式由漫灌改为地表滴灌的初期，滴灌湿润比设计为40%比较合适。
英文摘要:
      The wetted soil percentages included 3 levels (20%, 40% and 60%) and the traditional flood irrigation (100% of wetted percentage) was used as control. Soil water potential in the root zone was monitored by a tensionmeter and gypsum blocks. The growth indices of fruit trees were recorded at different growth stages. The daily water use, crop coefficients and pan coefficients under different drip irrigation treatments were estimated by water balance method. The results indicated that the tree water uses under wetted percentage of 20%, 40% and 60% decreased by 69.11%, 63.91% and 55.05% respectively as compared with that under flood irrigation, while the shoot growth reduced slightly, by 9%, 5% and 3%. Compared with flood irrigation, the fruit volumes under drip irrigation treatments of different wetted percentage were all bigger, with the largest under 40% treatment. M oreover, the fruit quality under drip irrigation treatments was improved to certain extent. It is suggested that at the transient stage of flood irrigation into drip irrigation, a wetted percentage of 40% should be used. This study should be meaningful to drip irrigation system design and management.
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