杨引禄,冯永忠,杨世琦,曹艳春,刘强,杨改河.宁夏黄河灌区农业非点源污染损失估算[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):242~246
宁夏黄河灌区农业非点源污染损失估算
Economic loss caused by non point source pollution——A case study of Ningxia Yellow River Water Irrigation District
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.01.44
中文关键词:  污染负荷  经济价值评估  宁夏黄河灌区
英文关键词:load of pollution  economic value assessment  Ningxia Yellow River Water Irrigation District
基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“灌区农田低污染种植结构优化技术研究专题” （2009ZX07212-004-01-3）
作者单位
杨引禄 西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100 
冯永忠 西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心中心， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
杨世琦 中国农业科学院环境与可持续发展所, 北京 100081 
曹艳春 西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100 
刘强 西北农林科技大学林学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100 
杨改河 西北农林科技大学农学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
陕西省循环农业工程技术研究中心中心， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
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中文摘要:
      以宁夏黄河灌区为研究区，在充分利用JOHNES输出系数法计算灌区非点源污染负荷的基础上，应用环境经济学中的恢复防护费用法对灌区农业非点源污染产生的负荷转化为经济损失进行估算。结果表明：宁夏黄河灌区禽畜养殖产生的污染负荷最高，占灌区污染负荷的41.27%，其中全氮排放占整个区域污染负荷的37.25%，全磷排放占整个区域污染负荷的4.03%，种植业产生的氮磷污染负荷次之，居民生活污水最小，污染负荷分别占总负荷量的34. 54%和24.2%；灌区非点源污染损失折合人民币约为54 874.1万元，禽畜养殖产生的污染负荷带来的经济损失最高，折合人民币22 481万元，占整个灌区污染价值损失的40.97%，种植业和居民生活污水排放产生的污染负荷造成的经济损失分别占研究区污染负荷经济损失的35.6%和23.4%。灌区要以控制禽畜养殖污染物排泄为重点，进一步减少非点源污染所带来的损失。
英文摘要:
      Non-point source pollution have become more and more serious and brought enormous danger to water environment in Ningxia Yellow River Water Irrigation District, so it has important significance for ecological security to estimate the economic value of losses of pollution load in this area. In this paper, according to the JOHNES export coefficient method, calculation is made of non-point source pollution load in Ningxia Yellow River Water Irrigation District, and the methoddology of enxironmental economics is used to reckon quantitatively economic loss caused by agricultural non-point source pollution. The results showed that the livestock breeding pollution contributed 41.27% to the pollution load of the area, and 37.25% to the TN and 4.03% to the TP pollution load of the area. The planting was the second and the rural domestic waste was the lowest proportion in non-point source pollution load, which was 34.54% and 24.2% to the pollution load of the area. The economic loss caused by the regional non-point source pollution was calculated at about 548.741 million RMB in total, of which about 40.97% was coutributed by livestock breeding pollution, while the planting and the rural areaa domestic waste respectively 35.6% and 23.4% to the all economic loss. This results illuminate that only the control of livestock breeding pollution can reduce economic loss caused by agricultural ono-point source pollution in Ningxia Yellow River Water Irrigation District.
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