王冀川,高山,徐雅丽,韩秀峰.滴灌水量对杂交棉“兆丰1号”光合性能及产量结构的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):7~12
滴灌水量对杂交棉“兆丰1号”光合性能及产量结构的影响
Effects of irrigation schedule on photosynthetic characteristic and yield components in hybrid cotton Zhaofeng 1
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.03.02
中文关键词:  杂交棉  灌水量  光合生产特性  产量结构
英文关键词:hybrid cotton  watering amount  production of photosynthesis characteristics  yield components
基金项目:塔里木大学校长基金重点项目(TDZKZD09001),塔里木大学校长基金项目(TDZKSS1004)；兵团工业科技攻关计划项目(2009GG31)
作者单位
王冀川 College of Plant Science，Tarim University, Alar， Xinjiang 843300，China 
高山 College of Plant Science，Tarim University, Alar， Xinjiang 843300，China 
徐雅丽 College of Plant Science，Tarim University, Alar， Xinjiang 843300，China 
韩秀峰 College of Plant Science，Tarim University, Alar， Xinjiang 843300，China 
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中文摘要:
      在田间试验条件下,研究了不同滴灌水量对南疆膜下滴灌杂交棉花“兆丰1号”光合性能及产量结构的影响。结果表明,限量滴灌造成棉田土壤水分亏缺,单叶光合速率(Pn)和群体光合速率(CAP)降低,群体呼吸速率(CR)及CR占群体总光合速率(TCAP)的比值在盛花期较高,进入盛铃期以后CR又显著低于适量滴灌处理,叶面积指数(LAI)较低。过量灌溉造成杂交棉营养体增长过快,Pn、CAP、LAI、CR、群体叶源量(CLSC)虽然较高,但后期下降快,生殖器官干物重占地上部总干物重比例降低,不利于有效产量形成,生产效率低。适量滴灌处理棉株长势稳健,叶片生理机能优化,CAP增强,产量较高。研究表明南疆阿拉尔地区“兆丰1号”的适宜滴灌定额为3 000~4 125 m3/hm2,水分利用率13.2~14.8 kg/(hm2·mm),籽棉产量达7 714.38~289.5 kg/hm2。
英文摘要:
      The effects of water-saving drip irrigation on photosynthetic characteristic and yield components in hybrid cotton Zhaofeng 1 in Southerm Xinjiang were studied. The results showed that limited drip irrigation caused water deficiency in cotton field, and reduced the rate of net single-leaf photosynthetic (Pn)，canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) and leaf area index (LAI); In limited irrigation treatment，the canopy respiration rate (CR) and the ratio of CR to total CAP were higher in full flower stage but the CR was lower in full bearing period than that of the suitable drip irrigation. The limited drip irrigation reduced leaf area index. Excessive drip irrigation caused over-rapid growth of hybrid cotton. Although the numerical value of Pn， CAP， LAI，CR and canopy leaf source capacity (CLSC) were higher，it become lower in late stage, which was not good for the formation of effective yield. Still excessive irrigation reduced the ratio of dry weight of reproductive organ to total dry weight that resulted in lower productive effect. Hybrid cotton in appropriate irrigation treatment had a steady growth and optimal leaf physiological function, so it had higher yield. Studies showed that the suitable amount of drip irrigation for Zhaofeng 1 in South Xinjiang was 3 000~ ~4125 m3/hm2, water use efficiency was 13.2~14.8 kg/ (hm2·mm)，and the yield was 7714.3~8289.5kg/hm2.
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