马婧,汪有科,杨荣慧,南娟,李晓彬.不同树形结构梨枣的冠层特性及节水性分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):138~143
不同树形结构梨枣的冠层特性及节水性分析
Analysis on canopy characteristics and water saving of pear jujube in different training systems
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.03.26
中文关键词:  枣树  树形  冠层特性  水分生产效率
英文关键词:jujube  tree shape  canopy characteristics  WPE
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目“陕西半干旱区山地特色果品综合节水技术研究与示范”(2007BAD88B05)
作者单位
马婧 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering， Northwest A & F University，Yangling， Shaanxi 712100，China 
汪有科 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering， Northwest A & F University，Yangling， Shaanxi 712100，China
Institute of Soil and Water Conseroation, Chinese Acadery of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling， Shaanxi 712100，China 
杨荣慧 Institute of Soil and Water Conseroation, Chinese Acadery of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling， Shaanxi 712100，China 
南娟 College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering， Northwest A & F University，Yangling， Shaanxi 712100，China 
李晓彬 Institute of Soil and Water Conseroation, Chinese Acadery of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling， Shaanxi 712100，China 
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中文摘要:
      以4 a生梨枣树为试材,观测分析了不同树形经过拉枝、摘心修剪后的树体指标与冠层特性之间关系及其对水分生产效率的影响。结果表明:树体越大,叶面积指数越大,透光率越小,光截获密度越大;自然圆头形单位体积内的坐果数最多,较对照(CK)提高353.62个/m3,每667m2产量按顺序排列为:自然圆头形>Y字形>柱形>开心形>立壁式>一边倒>对照(不修剪);各处理的蒸腾量随树体增大而增多,对照的树体最大,蒸腾量最多,其蒸腾量是自然圆头形的1.17倍,是柱形的2.65倍;按照单位时间耗水结果数计算,柱形最高,其次为自然圆头形,最小为对照;柱形修剪的水分生产效率最高,高于自然圆头形3.67个/(g/h),但单位产量较低,产量低于自然圆头形1 984.68 kg/667m2,自然圆头形在111株/667m2密度的林地郁闭度达到56.27%,圆柱形在111株/667m2的林地郁闭度达到30.47%,所以作者认为自然圆头形适合111株/667m2的密植,圆柱形更适合密度大的栽植。
英文摘要:
      Experiment was conducted with 4-year-old trees of pear jujube， and observation was made of different tree pruning form the relationship between tree indicators and canopy characteristics and their impact on water production efficiency. The results show that the larger the tree and the greater the leaf area index，the smaller light transmission rate and the greater density of light interception are; The laryest number of the fruiting unit volume is natural round shape, increasing by 353.62 compared with CK，and the yield per 667m2 are in sequence as follows: natural round shape> Y-shaped> cylindrical shape> open center shape> standing shape> one-sided shape>CK; The transpiration of treatment increased with the increase of tree size, the tree size of CK is the largest and had the most transpiration, and the transpi-ration is 1.17 times of the natural round shape and 2.65 times of the standing shape ; Calculated according to fruiting water consumption per unit of time，cylindrical shape is highest ，followed by natural round shape， and CK the minimum; The highest water production fficiency is cylindrical which is 3.67(g/h) more than the natural round cylindrical shape, however, the yield per hectare is 1 984. 68 kg/ 667m2 less than the natural round shape ; The canopy density reached 56.27% in the 111 plant/667m2 for natural round shape, while that for cylindrical shape is only 30. 47%, so the natural round shape fits the density of 111 plant/ 667m2，while cylindrical shape is suitable for denser planting.
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