不同灌水和施氮对河西绿洲春玉米生长、产量和水分利用的影响

张鹏; 张富仓; 吴立峰; 李志军; 周罕觅

张鹏,张富仓,吴立峰,李志军,周罕觅.不同灌水和施氮对河西绿洲春玉米生长、产量和水分利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(4):137~143

不同灌水和施氮对河西绿洲春玉米生长、产量和水分利用的影响

Effect of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on spring maize growth, yield and water use

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.04.25

中文关键词: 春玉米生育时期株高叶面积籽粒产量水分利用

英文关键词:spring maize growth stages plant height leaf area grain yield water use

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（50879073）；国家科技支撑计划（2007BAD88B10）

作者	单位
张鹏	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
张富仓	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
吴立峰	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
李志军	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
周罕觅	西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

通过大田小区试验，设置8个不同生育期灌水处理：各生育期都灌水（CK）、苗期不灌水（I₁）、拔节期不灌水（I₂）、抽穗期不灌水（I₃）、灌浆成熟期不灌水（I₄）、苗期+抽穗期不灌水（I₁₃）、苗期+灌浆期不灌水（I₁₄）、拔节期+灌浆期不灌水（I₂₄）和4个氮肥水平：不施氮（ZN）、低氮（LN，60 kg N/hm²）、中氮（MN，120 kg N/hm²）和高氮（HN，180 kg N/hm²），研究了不同生育期灌水和施氮对春玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。结果表明，任何一个生育期不灌水都降低春玉米的株高、叶面积、籽粒产量；灌水对苗期株高影响不显著，氮肥对各生育期株高影响均显著，水氮互作效应对苗期株高影响不显著；与处理CK相比较，处理I₂和处理I₂₄对株高的影响最大，最高降低了11.42%；灌水，氮肥和水氮互作效应对各生育期叶面积均有显著影响，但两生育期不灌水处理大于单生育期不灌水处理对叶面积的影响；而单生育期不灌水处理对叶面积的影响平均来说为灌水处理I₄＞I₃＞I₁＞I₂，两生育期不灌水处理在施氮水平ZN、LN下I₁₃＞I₁₄＞I₂₄，而在施氮水平MN、HN下处理I₁₄与处理I₂₄差异不显著，却都大于处理I₁₃；灌水和氮素效应对玉米的千粒重、穗粒重、籽粒产量都有显著的影响；与处理CK相比较，处理I₃和处理I₁₃对籽粒产量的影响最大，最大降幅为28.76%；I₁和I₄高氮处理具有较高的产量和水分利用效率。

英文摘要:

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation at different growth stages and nitrogen fertilizer on spring maize growth, yield and water use efficiency. The experiment included eight irrigation treatments: irrigation at the whole growth period (CK), no irrigation at seedling stage(I₁), no irrigation at jointing stage(I₂), no irrigation at heading stage(I₃), no irrigation at filling stage (I₄), no irrigation at seedling stage and heading stage (I₁₃), no irrigation at seedling stage and filling stage (I₁₄), no irrigation at jointing stage and heading stage (I₂₄) and four nitrogen levels: non-nitrogen (ZN), low nitrogen (LN, 60 kg N/hm²), medium nitrogen (HN,120 kg N/hm²), high nitrogen (HN,180 kg N/hm²). The results showed that no irrigation in any of the growth stages reduced spring maize plant height, leaf area and grain yield. Irrigation treatment at seedling stage had significant effect on plant height. Nitrogen fertilizer treatment at the whole growth stage had significant effect on the plant height. But water and nitrogen interaction at seedling stage had no significant effect on the plant height. Compared with the treatment of irrigation at whole growth stages (CK), the treatments I₂ and I₂₄ had the greatest impact on plant height, reduced i t by 11.42% at most. Irrigation treatments, nitrogen fertilizer treatments and water and nitrogen interaction at the whole growth stage had significant effect on leaf area. However, the effect of no irrigation treatment of the two growth stages on leaf area is greater than no irrigation treatment of single growth stage. The effect of no irrigation treatment of single growth stage on leaf area was I₄＞I₃＞I₁＞I₂. The effect of no irrigation treatment of the two growth stages at the nitrogen level ZN, LN was I₁₃＞I₁₄＞I₂₄, but at the nitrogen level MN, HN was I₂₄=I₁₄＞I₁₃. Irrigation treatments and nitrogen fertilizer treatments both had significant effect on 1000-grain weight, grain weight per spike and grain yield. Compared with the CK, I₃ and I₁₃ had the greatest impact on grain yield, and the largest drop was 28 .76%. I₁ and I₄ had high yield and water use efficiency at high level of nitrogen fertilizer treatment.

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