| 张仙梅,黄高宝,李玲玲,谢军红,陈红.覆膜方式对旱作玉米硝态氮时空动态及氮素利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(5):26~32 |
| 覆膜方式对旱作玉米硝态氮时空动态及氮素利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of mulching patterns on spatio-temporal variation of soil nitrate and nitrogen utilization efficiency of maize on dry land |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.05.05 |
| 中文关键词: 地膜覆盖 黄土高原 硝态氮 氮素利用效率 玉米 |
| 英文关键词:Mulching Loess plateau Nitrate Nitrogen use efficiency Maize |
| 基金项目:十一五国家科技支撑计划 (2006BAD15B06)；国家自然科学基金（40771132） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以提高玉米氮素利用效率、减少氮肥污染为目标，在甘肃省定西市李家堡设置了露地（NM）、半膜平作（HM）、全膜平作（CM）和全膜双垄（CMRF）沟播等田间试验处理，对其土壤剖面中NO3--N的积累强度、玉米干物质积累及氮素利用效率进行了系统研究。结果表明：整个生育期覆膜处理在0～10 cm表层中NO3--N浓度最高，明显高于NM，具有表聚现象。所有处理NO3--N含量在140 cm土层以下均有积累。全生育期植株平均氮素积累量表现为：CMRF>CM>HM>NM。籽粒氮积累量CMRF较CM和NM高出20.48%和87.87%，说明CMRF显著增强了植株对土壤氮的利用和氮素向籽粒的转运。生物产量CMRF较HM增产37.60%，经济产量增产49.84%，氮素收获指数CMRF较HM显著提高22.55%。不同处理之间的NUE差异显著（P<0.05），CMRF较HM显著提高53.98%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A field experiment in Lijiabu, Dingxi City of Gansu province, was carried out based on improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing the pollution of nitrogen fertilizer. Four treatments, namely flat-planting with no mulching (NM), half-mulching and flat-planting(HM), complete mulching and flat-planting(CM), completely mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges with furrow planting(CMRF), were designed to study accumulation of residual NO
3--N and dynamic accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that in the whole growth period of mulching treatments NO3--N content of 0～10 cm soil layer was highest and were significantly higher than that of NM, indicating there existed NO3--N surface accumul
ation in mulching treatments. NO3--N content of all treatments under 140 cm soil layer was accumulated. The average nitrogen accumulation in the whole growth period was: CMRF＞CM＞HM＞NM. Compared with CM and NM, grain nitrogen accumulation of CMRF was increased by 20.48% and 87.87%, showing that CMRF significantly enhanced plants nitrogen utilization from soil, as well as transport of nitrogen to grain Biomass yield of CMRF was 37.60% higher than that of HM, maize yield was increased by 49.84%, and nitrogen harvest index was significantly increased by 22.55% compared with HM. During different treatments nitrogen use efficiency of maize was significantly different at 0.05 level, CMRF was significantly increased by 53.98% than NM. |
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