虎胆·吐马尔白,弋鹏飞,王一民,张金珠,吴争光.干旱区膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分运移及累积特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(5):144~150
干旱区膜下滴灌棉田土壤盐分运移及累积特征研究
Research on transport and accumulation characteristics of soil salinity of cotton field under film mulched drip irrigation in arid areas
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.05.26
中文关键词:  滴头流量  湿润锋  土壤盐分  累积  膜下滴灌  滴灌年限
英文关键词:drip rate  wetted front  soil salinity  accumulation  drip irrigation under the mulching  years of irrigation lasting
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51069015);新疆水利水电工程重点学科资助
作者单位
虎胆·吐马尔白 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052 
弋鹏飞 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
伊犁师范学院， 新疆 伊犁 835000 
王一民 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052 
张金珠 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052 
吴争光 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052 
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中文摘要:
      通过室内和田间结合试验，研究了不同滴头流量、灌溉制度、滴灌年限对土壤盐分运移及累积特征的影响。结果表明：相同灌水量下，滴头流量越小，单点处及交汇区在土壤垂直方向上盐分含量越小；在土壤水平方向，滴头流量越大，土壤盐分随着距离单点或交汇中心越远而逐渐增加。在相同湿润层次上，交汇区的盐分要高于单点处的盐分，单点处土壤脱盐深度大于交汇区土壤脱盐深度。相同滴头流量下，灌水量大的土壤盐分运移距离较深，盐分累积 层次下移。较短的灌水周期对土壤盐分具有较好的淋洗作用；灌水周期较长的处理，土壤盐分波动变化较大，生育期中出现返盐现象。灌溉定额3 300、3 900、4 500 m3/hm2的土壤盐分峰值分别出现在土壤深度60、80、100 cm处。随着滴灌年限的延长，土壤0～100 cm盐分呈逐渐累积的趋势，累积的层次渐渐向地表迁移，滴灌年限相差6～7 a的棉田土壤盐分差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05)。
英文摘要:
      Experiments were conducted to study different drip rate, irrigated water amount, irrigation scheduling and irrigation years on the characteristics of the soil salinity transport and accumulation. The results showed that the smaller drip rate, the less soil salinity on the single infiltration section and interference infiltration section; With the increase of the drip rate, the soil salinity has a increasing tendency when further and further away from single infiltration section or interference infiltration section. Through comparison of the soil water content in the same wetness level, the soil salinity was bigger in the interference infiltration section than in the single infiltration section. At the same drip rate, the more the water drops, the deeper the soil salinity could move. High frequency of irrigation effectively reduced the salinity of root area, while the treatment of low frequency made a big change in salinity, and it showed a accumulating phenomenon at the growth period. When the quantity of drip irri gation increased from 3 300 to 3 900 and 4 500 m3/hm2, the peak value of salinity moved deeper from 60 to 80 and 100 cm. With the long lasting of drip irrigation, the 0～100 cm soil salinity showed a increasing tendency. The accumulated layer of soil salt were moved to the topsoil, and the 0～100 cm salinity showe d significant difference (P＜0.05) between cotton fields with 6～7 a difference of drip irrigation lasting.
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