上官宇先,师日鹏,韩坤,王林权.垄作覆膜条件下冬小麦田的氨挥发研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(5):163~168
垄作覆膜条件下冬小麦田的氨挥发研究
The dynamics of ammonia volatilization in winter wheat field with furrow planting system and ridge with plastic film mulching
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.05.29
中文关键词:  氨挥发  氮肥  垄作覆膜  冬小麦
英文关键词:ammonia volatilization  nitrogen  FPRFM  winter wheat
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(30571085)资助
作者单位
上官宇先 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
师日鹏 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
韩坤 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
王林权 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
摘要点击次数: 187
全文下载次数: 119
中文摘要:
      为了解垄作覆膜下氨挥发特点，采用密闭法研究了垄作覆膜条件下冬小麦田间氨挥发的动态过程，并结合室内模拟比较了覆膜和氮肥深施对氨挥发的影响。大田实验结果表明,垄作覆膜处理可显著减少田间氨挥发。垄作覆膜180 kg N/hm2和240 kg N／hm2处理下的氨挥发量分别为：1.9±0.2 kg N／hm2和2.4±0.7 kg N ／hm2，而平作180 kg N/hm2处理下的氨挥发总量为4.3±0.8 kg N/hm2。垄作覆膜比平作180 kg N/hm2氨挥发量减少了56.3%和43%。氨挥发造成的氮肥损失由1.6%降低到 了0.2%～0.4%。氨挥发主要出现在播种后的一个月内；返青后大大降低。越冬期前氨挥发累积量符合Elovich动力学方程，而返青期后的氨挥发累积动态过程趋近于直线。覆膜和垄下施肥均有降低氨挥发的作用，室内模拟结果表明垄下施肥对氨挥发的消减效应大于地表覆膜。
英文摘要:
      To study the effects of furrow planting system and ridge with plastic film mulching (FPRFM) on soil ammonia volatilization in winter wheat field, the trial was conducted in October of 2009～June of 2010. A labo ratory simulation experiment was also made to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching and deep application of N on ammonia volatilization. The ammonia was collected with airproof chambers made with PVC in filed. NH3 was absorbed by boric acid (concentration 2%) loaded in culture dish in the chambers, and then titrated with dilution H2SO4 in the lab. The volatilization amount in the plots with FPRFM under the N application rate 180 kg/hm2 (RM180) and 240 kg/hm2 (RM240) were 1.9±0.2 kg N/hm2 and 2.4±0.7 kg N/hm2 separately, and the amount of conventional practice with nitrogen application rate 180 kg/hm2 ( FP180) was 4.3±0.8 kg N/hm2. Compared to the conventional flat planting (FP) system, the FPRFM could reduce volatilization amount by 56.3% and 43%, and N loss rate dropped from 1.6% of conventional practice to 0.2%～0.4% of FPRFM. It was implied that soil ammonia volatilization mainly occurred in the first month after seeding, and had a great drop after turning green stage. The simulation results indicated that ammonia accumulation loss complied with Elovich dynamic equation before the winter, and linear equation after turning green stage. Laboratory simulation experiment showed that deep application of N fertilizer had more effects than plastic film mulch on limiting ammonia volatilization.
查看全文  查看/发表评论  下载PDF阅读器