| 蒲金涌,姚小英,姚茹莘.近40年甘肃河东地区夏秋作物气候适宜性变化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(5):253~258 |
| 近40年甘肃河东地区夏秋作物气候适宜性变化 |
| Variations of summer and autumn grain crops' climatic suitability in the areas east of Yellow River in Gansu in recent 40 years |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2011.05.45 |
| 中文关键词: 甘肃河东 40年 夏、秋作物 气候适宜度 变化 |
| 英文关键词:east of the Yellow River in Gansu 40a summer and autumn grain crops climate suitability degree variation |
| 基金项目:甘肃省气象局“十人计划”，国家科技部公益行业专项（GYHY200806021） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 根据甘肃省河东地区天水、西峰农业气象试验站及平凉、礼县、成县农业气象观测站1981～2008年主要夏、秋作物物候期观测资料及当地气象站1971～2008年气象资料，建立了作物气候适宜度模型。分析了近40 a该地区冬小麦、玉米气候适宜度变化，对夏、秋作物种植的气候适宜度进行了比较。结果表明，全生育期内冬小麦光照适宜度较高，其次为温度；玉米温度适宜度较高，其次为光照；夏、秋作物的水分适宜度都比较低。水分对粮食作物的正常生长影响较大。近年来，冬小麦、玉米光照适宜度呈上
升趋势，冬小麦温度适宜度呈上升趋势，玉米温度适宜度呈下降趋势。冬小麦、玉米的水分适宜度分别以0.013/10a及0.069/10a的线性趋势下降。夏、秋粮生产受到的水分胁迫逐年增
大。玉米综合气候适宜度一般大于冬小麦。夏、秋粮综合气候适宜度的较大差值出现在20世纪80年代末，1971～1987年玉米与冬小麦综合气候适宜度差值以0.068/10a线性趋势上升，1
987～2008年差值以0.047/10a的趋势下降。近年来，秋粮生产的气候优势逐渐降低。调整作物种植结构中应予以重视。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the phonological data of main summer and autumn grain crops in Tianshui and Xifeng Agrometeorological Experimental Stations and Pingling, Lixian and Chengxian Agrometeorological Observation Stations located in the areas east of the Yellow River in Gansu, the model for assessing climate suitability was set up. The variations of climatic suitability degrees in
recent 40 years were analyzed with the model and climate suitability degrees of summer and autumn grain crops were compared and demonstrated. The result showed that the suitability degree of sunshine was relatively higher and that of temper
ature was the next in the whole growth period of winter wheat; but for maize the suitability degree of temperature was higher, and that of sunshine was the next in the whole growth period. The suitability degree of water was low for both winter wheat and maize that means the water was the restricting factor for production of both summer and autumn crops. The trends of the suitability degree of sunshine for both winter wheat and maize turned rising and the trends of that of temperature for winter wheat turned rising but for maize turned falling in recent years. The suitability degree of water for winter wheat and maize decreased by 0.013 and 0.069 every ten years respectively and water stress for both summer and autumn crops increased year by year. The synthetic climate suitability degree for maize was greater than that for wheat in most years. The most remarkable difference of synthetic climate suitability degree for summer and autumn crops appeared in late 1980s in which the value of synthesis climate suitability degree of maize minus that of wheat increased by 0.068 from 1971～1987 and decreased by 0.047 from 1987～2008 every ten years. It indicated that the superiority of autumn grain crops' production was dropping off compared with that of summer gain crops. We suppose that this trend should be paid more attention in adjusting the pla
nting design. |
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