不同氮效率小麦品种氮素吸收利用对CO<sub>2</sub>浓度升高的响应

许育彬; 沈玉芳; 李世清

许育彬,沈玉芳,李世清.不同氮效率小麦品种氮素吸收利用对CO₂浓度升高的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):12~18

不同氮效率小麦品种氮素吸收利用对CO₂浓度升高的响应

Response of nitrogen uptake and use of wheat varieties with different nitrogen use efficiencies to CO₂ concentration enrichment

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.01.03

中文关键词: 小麦不同氮效率品种大气CO2浓度升高氮素吸收利用

英文关键词:wheat varieties with different nitrogen use efficiencies CO₂ concentration enrichment nitrogen uptake and use

基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项(QN2009083)；陕西省自然科学基金项目(SJ08C104)

作者	单位
许育彬	西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌 712100
沈玉芳	西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
李世清	西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

以小麦氮低效品种小偃6号和氮高效品种小偃22为材料，通过盆栽试验，利用开顶式气室在3种施氮水平（0、150和300 mg N/kg土）下，分析了两个品种小麦干物质和氮素积累、氮素干物质和籽粒生产效率、氮素收获指数以及花前营养器官贮存氮素在花后向籽粒的转运量和转运率对大气CO₂浓度升高的响应。结果表明，施氮可增加小麦成熟期干物质和氮素累积量，提高氮素收获指数以及花前贮存氮素的转运量和转运率，但降低了氮素籽粒和干物质生产效率。与背景CO₂浓度相比，在一定施氮条件下，CO₂浓度升高对小麦以上指标具有正向效应，但两个品种对CO₂浓度升高响应的敏感程度存在一定差异，氮素收获指数、氮素籽粒生产效率、花前营养器官贮存氮素转运率表现为小偃22敏感性高于小偃6号；干物质和氮素累积量、花前贮存氮素转运量则在150 mg/kg土施氮水平下小偃6号敏感性较高，在300 mg/kg土施氮水平下小偃22敏感性较高，而氮素干物质生产效率表现正好相反。综合来看，在施氮条件下，CO₂浓度升高可促进小麦干物质累积、氮素吸收和利用以及花前贮存氮素向籽粒的转运，且在较高施氮水平下氮高效品种表现更为明显。

英文摘要:

A pot experiment with open top chambers (OTCs) was conducted to investigate the effect of CO₂ enrichment on nitrogen uptake and use of winter wheat and the difference between two varieties, Xiaoyan 6 with a low nitrogen use efficiency and Xiaoyan 22 with a high nitrogen use efficiency. Wheat plants were grown under two CO₂ concentrations (375 and 750 μL/L) and three nitrogen application levels(0, 150 and 300 mg/kg soil). The results showed that nitrogen application could increase dry matter accumulated amount (MAA), nitrogen accumulated amount(NUA), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), translocation amount (NTA) and translocation rate (NTR) of pre anthesis nitrogen to grain, but it reduced nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield and dry matter production( NGUE and NDUE). Compared the ambient CO₂ concentration (375 μL/L), under some nitrogen nutrition condition, elevated CO₂ had positive effects on these indexes of wheat. Therefore, of the sensitivity of two varieties responding to CO₂ enrichment in the indexes were different. Xiaoyan 22 was more sensitive than Xiaoyan 6 in NHI, NGUE and NTR. In NDUE, the variety of with higher sensitivities was Xiaoyan 6 under the nitrogen application level of 150 mg/kg soil and was Xiaoyan 22 under the nitrogen application level of 300 mg/kg soil. However, the responses of two varieties to CO₂ elevation in the other indexes were contrary in NDU E. Comprehensively, CO₂ enrichment could promote the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake and use of wheat under nitrogen application condition, and the effect would more obvious on varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency under higher nitrogen level.

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