张俊鹏,郑春莲,孙景生,冯棣,曹彩云.微咸水造墒对不同种植方式棉花生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):78~82
微咸水造墒对不同种植方式棉花生长的影响
The effect of brackish water irrigation on cotton under different planting methods
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.01.14
中文关键词:  微咸水  棉花  种植方式  覆膜
英文关键词:brackish water  cotton  planting method  film mulching
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51179193)；国家棉花现代产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-18-19)；“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA3B05)
作者单位
张俊鹏 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室， 河南 新乡 453003 
郑春莲 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所， 河北 衡水 053000 
孙景生 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室， 河南 新乡 453003 
冯棣 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所 农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室， 河南 新乡 453003 
曹彩云 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所， 河北 衡水 053000 
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中文摘要:
      采用小区对比试验，研究了5 g/L微咸水造墒对基质育苗移栽覆膜（JZPM）、基质育苗移栽无覆膜（JZ）、沙培育苗移栽覆膜（SPPM）、沙培育苗移栽无覆膜（SP）、点播覆膜（DBPM）、点播无覆膜（DB）等6种种植方式棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明：在相同种植方式下，覆膜处理棉花的成苗率、形态发育指标、生殖器官分配指数、籽棉产量及霜前花率明显高于无覆膜处理；不同栽培方式下，JZPM处理显著提高了棉花的成苗率，加快了棉花的生育进程，但后期出现严重的倒伏、早衰现象，DBPM处理呈现了最为稳定的生长动态。在补全苗的情况下，DBPM处理的籽棉产量最高，其产量比JZPM、SPPM、DB、SP、JZ等处理分别增加了10.08%、31.03%、28.88%、32.78%和39.16%，方差分析结果显示，JZPM和DBPM处理间的产量差异不显著，但显著高于其它各处理。DBPM和JZPM两种栽培方式在该区微咸水灌溉中具有广阔的应用前景。
英文摘要:
      Effects of irrigation before sowing with 5 g/L brackish water on growth and yield of cotton whose planting methods were respectively seedling raising and soil-substrate transplanting with film mulching (JZPM), seedling raising and soil-substrate transplanting without film mulching (JZ), seedling raising in sand and root-naked transplanting with film mulching (SPPM), seedling raising in sand and root-naked transplanting without film mulching (SP), bunch planting with film mulching (DBPM), and bunch planting without film mulching (DB) were studied by plot comparative trial. The survival rate, morphological growth indexes, distribution status of reproductive organs, yield, and rate of yield before frost of cotton with film mulching were higher than those without film mulching under the same planting method. Based on different planting methods, the survival rate was significantly increased and the growth process was accelerated in the JZPM treatment, while with serious lodging and premature senescen ce in the later period. The most stable growth was presented in the DBPM treatment. The seed cotton yield was the highest in the DBPM under the condition of filling all the gaps with seedlings. Compared with JZPM, SPPM, DB, SP, and JZ treat ments, seed cotton yield in the DBPM was increased by 10.08%, 31.03%, 28.88%, 32.78%, and 39.16% respectively. The results of variance analysis showed that the difference of seed cotton yield was not significant between the JZPM and DBPM treatments, but the yield in JZPM and DBPM was significantly higher than the other treatments. The study showed that the planting methods in JZPM and DBPM had vast application prospects in the area under brackish water irrigation.
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