高飞,贾志宽,韩清芳,李永平,杨宝平,侯贤清,路文涛.秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分利用及春玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):104~112 |
秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分利用及春玉米产量的影响 |
Effects of straw mulching quantity on soil water use and spring maize yield |
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DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.01.19 |
中文关键词: 宁南旱区 秸秆覆盖量 土壤水分 产量 春玉米 |
英文关键词:dry farmland of southern Ningxia straw mulching quantity soil moisture yield spring maize |
基金项目:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划旱农课题(2006BAD29B03);节水共性技术研究(2007BAD88B10) |
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中文摘要: |
为了探明半干旱区秸秆覆盖栽培中适宜的秸秆覆盖量,在宁南旱区进行了春玉米栽培试验。试验设1.35、0.9、0.45和0万kg/hm24个覆盖量处理,分析了不同覆盖量对土壤水分、玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,4年玉米生育期覆盖量从高到低0~200 cm土层平均土壤贮水量分别较CK(无覆盖)高15.47、10.79 mm和6.26 mm(P<0.05)。试验期间,2009年玉米生育期降雨量最低(为266.1 mm),各处理依次较CK增产13.10%、17.37%和5.40%(P<0.05);2010年玉米生育期降雨量最高(为433.6 mm),各处理依次较CK增产3.91%、7.58%(P<0.05)和1.70%。0.9~1.35 万kg/hm2覆盖量增产效果明显,4年平均比CK增产14.23%~12.03%,水分利用效率提高了10.64%~8.87%。宁南旱区,0.9万kg/hm2秸秆覆盖量能更好地蓄水保墒,促进农田土壤水分良性循环,且对提高玉米产量和水分利用效率有显著效果。 |
英文摘要: |
In order to determine the appropriate straw mulching quantity in semiarid areas, a cultivation experiment of spring maize with straw mulching was conducted in the semiarid area of Ningxia. Four different treatm
ents of straw mulching quantities (0 kg/hm2, 4 500 kg/hm2, 9 000 kg/hm2 and 13 500 kg/hm2) were adopted in field experiment, and an analysis of soil water, spring maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE) was made. In the maize growth period of 4 year experiment, compared with CK (no coverage), average soil water storage amount in 0~200 cm soil layers under all straw mulching treatments (follow the amount of straw mulching from high to low) increased by 15.47 mm, 10.79 mm and 6.26 mm (P<0.05) respectively. During the experiment, the lowest precipitation of growth period was in 2009 (266.1 mm), when maize production increased by 13.10%, 17.37% and 5.40% (P<0.05) respectively; and the h
ighest precipitation of growth period was in 2010 (433.6 mm), when maize production increased by 3.91%, 7.58% (P<0.05) and 1.70% respectively. The treatments of 9 000~13 500 kg/hm2 had distinct yield-increasing effect, and the average yield of 4 years increased by 14.23%~12.03% and water use efficiency increased by 10.64%~8.87%. In the semiarid area of southern Ningxia, the use of straw mulching amount of 9 000 kg/hm2 could play an active role in the preservation of soil moisture, promote a virtuous cycle of soil moisture, and increase maize yield and maize water use efficiency significantly. |
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