张平良,郭天文,侯慧芝,吕军峰.不同穴播种植方式与平衡施肥对旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):132~137
不同穴播种植方式与平衡施肥对旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响
Effects of different cultivation and balanced fertilization on spring wheat yield and water use efficiency in semiarid areas
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.01.23
中文关键词:  种植方式  全膜覆土穴播  平衡施肥  水分利用效率
英文关键词:cultivation  whole film casing mode bunch  balanced fertilization  water use efficiency
基金项目:国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目(Gansu2011);甘肃省农牧厅农业科技创新项目(甘财农[2009]279号
作者单位
张平良 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 甘肃 兰州 730070
甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室 甘肃 兰州 730070 
郭天文 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 甘肃 兰州 730070
甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室
甘肃 兰州 730070 农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室 甘肃 兰州 730070 
侯慧芝 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 甘肃 兰州 730070
甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室 甘肃 兰州 730070 
吕军峰 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 甘肃 兰州 730070
甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室 甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      采用田间试验方法,研究了不同穴播种植方式与平衡施肥对旱地春小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,4种穴播种植方式中,全膜覆土穴播种植方式有利于小麦碳水化合物的合成,增加了小麦干物质积累量,实施N、P、K平衡施肥后干物质积累量增加效果明显;该种植方式下各施肥处理比全膜小垄沟覆土穴播、全膜不覆土穴播和露地穴播小麦产量分别增加3.7%~6.7%、9.4%~10.3%、30.7%~35.4%;该种植方式下,N、P2O5和K2O的用量分别为180 kg/hm2、120 kg/hm2、90 kg/hm2时(Z0F1处理),小麦产量最高,达到4 034 kg/hm2;该方式的小麦水分利用效率明显高于露地穴播,在相同施肥水平下,前者小麦水分利用效率比后者显著提高33.7%~48.3%。表明春小麦在全膜覆土穴播栽培技术条件下,平衡施肥可显著提高小麦籽粒产量和 水分利用效率。
英文摘要:
      Field trials were conducted to study different cultivation and balanced fertilization on wheat yield and water use efficiency in semiarid areas. The results showed that cultivation of the whole film casing mode bunch helped synthesis of carbohydrates of wheat plants and increased dry matter accumulation, and the effect of implementation of N, P and K fertilization was obvious; Compared with whole film a small furrow bunch, whole film not overburden bunch and open field dibble, wheat yield increased by 3.7%~6.7%, 9.4%~10.3% and 30.7%~35.4% in the whole film casing mode bunch; In the application of respectively 180 kg/hm2, 120 kg/hm2 and 90 kg/hm2 of N, P2O5 and K2O (Z0F1 treatment), the wheat yields were the highest, achieving 4 034 kg/hm2; The water use efficiency of wheat in the whole film casing mode bunch was significantly higher than that of the open field dibble, increased by as significantly as 33.7%~48.3% at the same level of fertilization. These show that balanced fertilization can significantly increase grain yield, and increase water use efficiency in the whole film casing mode bunch.
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