| 王小英,同延安,刘芬,赵佐平.榆阳区农户春玉米施肥现状调查评估[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):92~96 |
| 榆阳区农户春玉米施肥现状调查评估 |
| Investigation and assessment of current situation of household fertilization on spring maize in Yuyang area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.04.17 |
| 中文关键词: 榆阳区 春玉米 施肥 评价 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Yuyang area spring maize fertilization assessment yield |
| 基金项目:公益性行业专项:西北旱作与节水农业最佳养分管理技术模式与示范（201103003）；西北农林科技大学创新团队 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了解陕北地区施肥现状及农户养分资源投入中存在的问题，2011年通过问卷调查方式，对榆阳区24个乡镇进行了春玉米养分资源投入调查分析。结果表明：2010年春玉米产量以9 50
0～11 500 kg/hm2所占比例最大且适中，占到调查样本的52.78%。氮肥（N）用量变化为321.8～1 084.3 kg/hm2,平均为650.5 kg/hm2；磷肥（P2O5）用量变化为60.2～450.3 kg/hm2，平均为244.8 kg/hm2；钾肥（K2O）用量变化为47.3～222.8 kg/hm2，平均为134.5 kg/hm2，且钾肥均由有机肥提供。其中化肥氮施用量适中农户仅占5.56%；偏低农户占10.65%；很低农户占5.09%；偏高农户占33.80%；很高农户占44.91%。磷肥施用量适中农户仅占12.04%；偏低农户占21.30%；很低农户占25.46%；偏高农户占19.44%；很高农户占21.76%。春玉米产量与NPK养分总量、氮肥和磷肥用量之间关系极显著，氮肥和磷肥偏生产力分别为24.38 kg/kg和86.94 kg/kg。榆阳区农户春玉米施肥中存在问题主要包括：产量水平差别较大，变化为6 750～15 000 kg/hm2；养分投入差别也较大，肥料利用率很低；肥料品种单一。研究认为提高榆阳区春玉米生产与施肥技术途径有选择优良品种、实现养分资源综合管理，提高养分资源利用效率、加强科学技术的推广应用，提高农民的栽培水平和加大对肥料生产企业的监督检查。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the current situation of fertilizer application and nutrients resources input problems of farmers in northern Shaanxi, we used questionnaire method to investigate 24 counties and 216 farmers on spring maize in 2011. The results showed that in 2010 spring maize yield between 9 500～11 500 kg/hm2 took up the maximal and rational ratio of 52.78%. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer on spring maize changed from 321.8～1 084.3 kg/hm2, averaged 650.5 kg/hm2; The amount of phosphate fertilizer changed from 60.2～450.3 kg/hm2, averaged 244.8 kg/hm2; Potassium changed from 47.3～222.8 kg/hm2，averaged 134.5 kg/hm2, and it was only from organic fertilizer. For chemical N application, only 5.56% was rational, 10.65% was slightly low, 5.09% was low, 33.80% was slightly high, and 44.91% was high. For chemical P2O5 application, only 12.04% was rational, 21.30% was slightly low, 25.46% was low, 19.44% was slightly high, and 21.76% was high. The yield of spring maize had large significant relationship with total nutrient, nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. The average PFP of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were 24.38 kg/kg and 86.94 kg/kg respectively. In summary, the current situation of household fertilization on spring maize in Yuyang area included: the yield levels were greatly different and changed from 6 750～15 000 kg/hm2; it had also large differences in nutrient inputs and fertilizer use efficiency was very low; there were seldom fertilizer types. We suggested that measures should be taken to breed superior varieties, achieve integrated management of nutrient resources and improve the nutrient use efficiency, strengthen the promotion and application of science and technology and improve the level of farmers' cultivation, and increase the supervision and inspection of fertilizer production enterprises. |
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