水分胁迫对大豆结荚期光合生理及生物量的影响

张晓芳; 贾志宽; 朱翠林; 张鹏; 康乐

张晓芳,贾志宽,朱翠林,张鹏,康乐.水分胁迫对大豆结荚期光合生理及生物量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):97~104

水分胁迫对大豆结荚期光合生理及生物量的影响

Effect of water stress on photosynthesis and biomass of soybean during its pod filling stage

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.04.18

中文关键词: 大豆干旱胁迫复水光合作用水分利用效率生物量

英文关键词:soybean water stress re-watering photosynthesis water use efficiency biomass

基金项目:陕西科技创新项目 “旱区作物御旱减灾及农艺节水关键技术研究”（2011NXC01-16）

作者	单位
张晓芳	西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，陕西杨凌 712100；农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点开放实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
贾志宽	西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，陕西杨凌 712100；农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点开放实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
朱翠林	西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，陕西杨凌 712100；西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100
张鹏	西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院，陕西杨凌 712100；农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点开放实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
康乐	西北农林科技大学林学院，陕西杨凌 712100

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中文摘要:

以秦豆8号为材料进行盆栽试验，研究了大豆苗期、花期及结荚期不同土壤控水处理对大豆结荚期光合生理和生物量的影响。结果表明：当苗期- 花期前土壤相对含水量控制为65%～75%情况下，在花期分别进行轻度（土壤相对含水量控制为55%～65%）、中度（土壤相对含水量控制为45%～55%）水分胁迫，结荚期复水至正常供水后，与对照（大豆不同生长阶段土壤相对含水量均保持为65%～75%）相比，随胁迫程度的加剧光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）降幅加大，中度胁迫下分别降低13.16%(P＜0.05）、28.60%（P＜0.01）、7.64%、49.51%(P＜0.01），而气孔限制值（Ls）、叶片温度（T₁）较对照有所提高，中度胁迫下分别提高48.07%（P＜0.01）、0.36%；当苗期-花期正常供水结荚期分别进行轻度、中度胁迫时，Pn、Tr、Ci、Gs较对照均降低，而Ls及T₁较对照提高。当苗期-花期前土壤相对含水量控制为55%～65%情况下，在花期或结荚期进行中度胁迫均使Pn、Tr、Ci、Gs降低，Ls及T₁升高，复水后则反之。当苗期-花期前土壤相对含水量为45%～55%时，不论花期或结荚期进行正常供水或轻度胁迫，各处理Pn、Tr、Ci、Gs均高于对照（大豆不同生长阶段土壤相对含水量均保持为45%～55%），而Ls及T₁低于对照。当苗期-结荚末期土壤相对含水量连续控制在3个水平条件下，随土壤含水量的降低，Pn、Tr、Ci、Gs呈下降趋势，而Ls及T₁升高。当苗期-花期前分别进行正常供水、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫控水处理时，不同处理结荚期单株生物量呈显著差异，中度胁迫与轻度胁迫各处理的单株生物量差值小于正常供水与轻度胁迫各处理单株生物量差值。

英文摘要:

A study was conducted on the effects of water stress and re-watering on photosynthesis and biomass of soybean (Qin Dou NO.8) under different soil water treatments during the stages of seedling, blooming and pod-setting. The low-grade (55%～65%) and middle-grade (45%～55%) water stress was controlled respectively at blooming stage, with relative soil water content of 65%～75% from seedling to early blooming stage. The results showed that Pn , Tr, Ci and Gs declined extremely with the stress increasing, and reduced respectively by 13.16%, 28.60%, 7.64% and 49.51% under middle-grade stress compared with CK (65%～75%), while Ls and T₁ improved by 48.07% and 0.36% separately. When soil water content was remained at 65%～75% from seedling to blooming stage, and low-grade and middle-grade water stress was controlled respectively at pod-setting stage, Pn, Tr, Ci and Gs decreased compared with CK (65%～75%), while Ls and T₁ increased. When soil water was remained at 55%～65% from seedling to the early blooming stage, and the middle-grade water stress was controlled at blooming or pod-setting stage, the results showed that Pn, Tr, Ci and Gs decreased, but Ls, T₁ increased compared with CK (55%～65%); while soil water was turned to 65%～75% at blooming or pod-setting stage, the photosynthesis parameters above showed adverse situation compared with middle-grade water stress treatments. When soil water content was remained at　45%～55% from seedling to the early blooming stage, and soil water was remained at 65%～75% or low-grade water stress was controlled in blooming or pod fil ling stage, the results showed that Pn, Tr, Ci and Gs improved compared with CK (45%～55%), but Ls and T₁ decreased. When the relative soil water content from seedling to end of pod-setting stage was 65%～75%, 55%～65% and 45%～55%, respectively, Pn, Tr, Ci and Gs showed a declining trend with the soil water content decreased, while Ls, T₁ showed an ascendant trend. The difference of plant biomass between middle-grade and low-grade water stress treatments was less than that between normal water treatment and low-grade wate r stress.

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