| 寇建村,杨文权,程国亭,韩明玉.行间种植不同草种对幼龄苹果园土壤特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4):145~152 |
| 行间种植不同草种对幼龄苹果园土壤特性的影响 |
| Effects of different grasses between rows of apple trees on soil characteristics of 1-year-old orchard |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.04.26 |
| 中文关键词: 果园种草 苹果树 草种 土壤肥力 |
| 英文关键词:grass-grown orchard apple tree grass species soil fertility |
| 基金项目:国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28)；科技部国家成果转化项目(2011GB23600009)；陕西省重大创新项目(2011KT2B02-02-05)；西北农林科技大学博士科研启动经费(22050205) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于苹果园建植第一年春季，果树行间分别种植不同草种，以清耕的土壤为对照，研究果园土壤温度、含水量、pH值、有机质及N、P、K的变化。
结果表明，种草后，夏季高温时土壤温度降低、日变幅减小，含水量增加，生长季结束时，果园土壤pH下降，碱解N、全N、速效P、全P、有机质含量增加，而除种植红三叶的土壤速效K显著（P＜0.05）升高外，其余处理全K、速效K均无显著变化；种草后对不同深度土壤肥力的影响不同，马蹄金对土壤N、P和狗牙根与高羊茅对有机质的影响在0～20 cm内表现一致，而种植多年生黑麦草、狗牙根、紫羊茅的0～10 cm土壤碱解N、全N、全P和种植红三叶、紫羊茅的0～10 cm土壤有机质升高幅度较10～20 cm大，多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、紫羊茅、红三叶、白三叶的速效P，红三叶和高羊茅的碱解N、全N，马蹄金、多年生黑麦草、白三叶的土壤有机质0～10 cm土壤升高幅度较10～20 cm小，白三叶10～20 cm土壤碱解N增加幅度较0～10 cm小，全N则反之；草种不同对土壤作用不一，马蹄金对土壤肥力改善作用最大，红三叶、白三叶次之，
而狗牙根、高羊茅较差。说明种草后可改善土壤性状，而草种是影响果园种草效益的关键因素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| An experiment was conducted to study the effect of the orchard-grown grasses，planted between the the rows of apple tree in the spring of the 1-year-old apple orchard, on soil temperature, soil water content, pH, organic matter, nitrogen (N) content, phosphorus (P) content, kalium (K) content in October. The clean soil was taken as the control. The results showed that there was a decrease of soil temperature and its daily variance in summer. And soil pH decreased while soil water content, available N and P, total N and P, and organic matter increased. However, available and total K did not change significantly with the exception of available K of soil Trifolium pratense grew in. Furthermore, the effects of grasses on soil fertility varied from its depths. The effect on 0～10 cm soil layer was consitent with that on 10～20 cm for Dichondra repens on soil N and P, Cynodon dactylon and Festuca rubra on organic matter. The effect on 0～10 cm was more than 10～20 cm for Lolium perenne, Cynodon dactylon, Festuca rubra on soil available N, total N and P, and Trifolium pratense, Festuca rubra on organic matter. But, it reversed for Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca rubra, Trifolium pretense, Trifolium repens on available P, Trifolium pretense, Festuca arundinacea on available and total N, Dichondra repens, Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens on the soil organic matter. And for Trifolium repens, the increase of the 10～20 cm available N was more than 0～10 cm, but total N reversed. At the same time, different grasses had various effects on soil. Dichondra repens was most efficient to improve soil fertility, Trifolium repens and Trifolium pretense followed while Cynodon dactylon and Festuca arundinacea was the lest. In conclusion, the orchard-grown grasses can improve soil fertility, and the species of grass was the key factor for the efficiency. |
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