汤瑛芳,高世铭,王亚红,张绪成.旱地马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):1~7
旱地马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响
Soil water and thermal effects of different mulching and planting methods and their influences on yield in dryland potato production
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.01.01
中文关键词:  旱地  马铃薯  覆盖方式  水热效应  产量
英文关键词:dryland  potato  mulching method  water thermal effec t  yield
基金项目:农业部行业科技专项（201203031-05）；甘肃省科技 支撑计划（1104NKCA085）
作者单位
汤瑛芳 甘肃省农业科学院，农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室， 甘肃 兰州 730070 
高世铭 甘肃省农业科学院，农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室， 
王亚红 甘肃省农业科学院，农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室， 甘肃 兰州 730070 
张绪成 甘肃省农业科学院，农业部西北作物抗旱栽培与耕作重点开放实验室， 甘肃 兰州 730070 
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中文摘要:
      在大田条件下，以不同沟垄覆盖种植方式为处理，通过测定土壤含水量、耕层土壤温 度和产量等，计算马铃薯耗水量和水分利用效率，研究旱作条件下马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式 的土壤水热效应及其对产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，马铃薯采用高垄膜覆盖沟覆 草垄播能有效增加马铃薯生育前期地温，苗期日均地温较传统平播（CK）增加了0.5℃～2.2 3℃，0～100 cm土壤贮水量提高52.8 mm。6月底至7月中旬的伏旱期间，高垄膜覆盖沟覆草 垄播处理0～25 cm土层日均地温较全地膜覆盖处理降低3.6℃～6.9℃，较CK仅增加0.6℃～0 .8℃；0～100 cm土层土壤贮水量较全膜覆盖处理增加6.2～8.3 mm，较CK增加27.3 mm。表 明采用高垄膜覆盖沟覆草垄播种植，可改善伏旱期间的土壤水热状况，有利于马铃薯的生长 发育，产量和水分利用效率较其它覆盖种植方式分别提高8.39%～58.38%和8.46%～67.97%。 因此，高垄膜覆盖沟覆草垄播处理实现了水温对马铃薯生长的协同作用，能显著提高马铃薯 对自然降水的利用效率和产量。
英文摘要:
      Potato is the one of main crops in arid and semiarid areas of the Northwest Loes s Plateau. How to increase the rainwater use efficiency of potato is the most important issue for local potato-industry development, the field experiment inc luded different mulching methods and furrow-ridge planting model as the treatme nts The topsoil temperature, soil moisture and distribution, and crop yield were investigated. The water consumption and water use efficiency were also calculat ed to study the water-thermal effect of different planting models on potato yie ld and water use efficiency in the Northwest Loess Plateau. The results showed t hat as the dyadic mulching and furrow-ridge cultivating method were used, in wh ich the furrow was covered by crop straw and the ridge was covered by plastic me mbrane, the daily average soil temperature in the 0～25 cm profile increased by 0.5℃～2.23℃, and soil water storage increased by 52.8 mm in the 0～100 cm prof ile, as compared with the traditional planting method (CK) for potato in early d evelopmental stage. Additionally, the soil temperature and water storage did not significantly differ from the plastic mulching treatment. In drought summer, fr om the end of June to the middle of July, the daily average soil temperature in 0～25 cm profile under plastic-straw dyadic mulching and furrow-ridge cultivat ing methods decreased by 3.6℃～6.9℃ as compared with plastic mulching treatmen ts, only increased by 0.6℃～0.8℃ as compared with the CK. For the soil water s torage in the 0～100 cm profile, it increased by 6.2～8.3 mm and 27.3 mm as comp ared with the plastic mulching treatment and CK, respectively. Additionally, the yield and water use efficiency increased by 8.39%～58.38% and 8.46%～67.97% res pectively, as compared with the other treatments. Therefore, plastic-straw dyad ic mulching and furrow ridge cultivating method could coordinate water and ther mal effects on potato development, and increase potato yield and water use effic iency in arid areas of the Northwest Loess Plateau.
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