| 赵霞,黄瑞冬,李潮海,唐保军,常文风.农艺措施和保水剂对土壤蒸发和夏玉米
水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):101~106 |
| 农艺措施和保水剂对土壤蒸发和夏玉米
水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of agronomic measures and water-retaining agent on soil evaporation and water use efficiency of summer maize(Zea mays L. |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.01.19 |
| 中文关键词: 夏玉米 农艺措施 保水剂 土壤蒸发 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:summer maize agronomic measures water-retaining age
nt soil evaporation water use efficiency (WUE) |
| 基金项目:河南省玉米产业技术体系建设专项(S2010 02 G04) |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 411 |
| 全文下载次数: 334 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为进一步研究黄淮海地区免耕夏玉米栽培节水问题，于2011年进行大田试验，研究了农艺措施（播后镇压、秸秆覆盖）和保水剂对土壤蒸
发和夏玉米水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，夏玉米整个生育期平均，处理A（播后镇压）、B（播后镇压+秸秆覆盖）、C（播后镇压+保水剂）和处理D（播后镇压结合秸秆平茬覆盖
和保水剂）比处理E（播种后覆土）在0～40 cm土层，土壤含水量增加了4.78%、7.96%、
5.50%和11.08%，水分蒸发减少了16.33%、103.78%、28.37%和128.77%，产量提高了9.6
8%、
17.60%、11.78%和24.01%，水分利用效率也增加了9.64%、17.55%、11.71%、23.96%，
效益
增加了1 536.34、2 516.42、801.74、2 553.10元/hm2。这种作用在夏玉米的生长前期更
明显，拔节前的土壤水分比较，处理A、B、C、D比E增加了8.74%、15.81%、10.48%和20.28%
，水分蒸发减少了17.81%、164.68%、40.35%和209.43%。处理D集成了镇压、秸秆覆盖
、保水剂的作用，能够充分提高土壤水分含量和抑制水分蒸发。建议在黄淮海区夏玉米实行
播后镇压结合秸秆覆盖等农艺措施，有条件的地方可以再结合增加保水剂的应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to improve the water-saving cultivation
of no-tillage summer maize (
Zea mays L.) in Huang-Huai-Hai area, the effect
s of agronomic measures (including compacting after sowing and straw mulching)
and water-retaining agent on soil evaporation and water use efficiency (WUE
) of maize were explored with field tests in 2011. The results showed that the a
verage soil water content in 0～40 cm during the whole growth period of maize un
der the treatments of A (compacting after sowing), B (compacting after sowing +
straw mulching), C (compacting after sowing + water-retaining agent) and D (comp
acting after sowing + straw mulching + water retaining agent) was increased by
4.78%, 7.96%, 5.50% and 11.08% respectively, compared to that under E (covering
soil after sowing); the soil evaporation was inhibited by 16.33%, 103.78%, 28.37
% and 128.77% respectively; the yield was improved by 9.68%, 17.60%, 11.78%
and 24.01% respectively; and the water use efficiency was raised by 9.64%, 17.55
%, 11.71% and 23.96% respectively. The benefit increased by 1 536.34、2 516.42、
801.74、2 553.10 yuan/hm2. The effects of different treatments were most sig
nificant in the early growth stage of maize. Before jointing stage, the average
soil water content under A, B, C and D was increased by 8.74%, 15.81%, 10.48% an
d 20.28% respectively, and the soil evaporation was inhibited by 17.81%, 164.68%
, 40.35% and 209.43% respectively, compared to that under E. The treatment o
f D, which integrated the effects of compacting after sowing, straw mulching and
water retaining agent, could fully enhance the soil water content and inhibit
soil evaporation. It is recommended that compacting after sowing and straw mulch
ing be practiced in summer maize cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai area, and water-
retaining agent be added in the conditional place. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |