| 魏有海,郭青云,郭良芝,翁华,程亮.青海保护性耕作农田杂草群落组成及生物多样性[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):219~225 |
| 青海保护性耕作农田杂草群落组成及生物多样性 |
| The community composition and biodiversity of weeds in conservati on tillage system in Qinghai Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.01.40 |
| 中文关键词: 保护性耕作 杂草群落 生物多样性 优势度 群落相似性 |
| 英文关键词:conservation tillage weed communities species diversity dominance community similarity |
| 基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑项目（2012BAD19B02）；国家“十一五”科技支撑项目（2006BAD08A09XX） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用倒置“W”9点取样法对青海保护性耕作农田杂草种类进行了调查，以明确田间杂草的种类组成及群落结构。结果表明，青海省保护性耕作农田杂草有67种，隶属于25科，其中优势杂草有密花香薷（
Elsholtzia densa Benth）、猪殃殃
（Galium maborasense Masamune）、野燕麦
（Avena fatua Linn.）、藜（
Chenopodium album L.）、苣荬菜（
Sonchus arvensis Linn.）、大刺儿菜（
Cephalanoplos setosum(Willd.) Kitam.）6种，是构成青海各地区保护性耕作农田杂草群落的主
要优势种，区域性优势杂草有5种，常见杂草有17种，一般杂草有39种。湟中地区主要形成
猪殃殃+密花香薷+藜+野燕麦+大刺儿菜+芦苇+尼泊尔蓼为主的杂草群落；民和地区为狗尾草
+藜+扁蓄+野燕麦+田旋花+荞麦蔓+大刺儿菜，平安地区为野燕麦+猪殃殃+苣荬菜+大刺儿菜+
赖草+荞麦蔓+密花香薷+扁蓄+泽漆，化隆地区为薄蒴草+猪殃殃+野燕麦+荞麦蔓+苣荬菜+密
花香薷，大通地区为野燕麦+猪殃殃+藜+大刺儿菜+问荆+密花香薷，刚察地区为密花香薷+西
伯利亚蓼+薄蒴草+藜+微孔草+旱雀麦+苣荬菜+野胡萝卜。湟中和大通地区保护性耕作农田杂
草
群落的物种丰富度、多样性及均匀度较其它地区高，而优势度较低。从群落相似性来看，湟
中和大通群落结构最为相似。地理环境、气候条件及控草措施的不同，可能是导致保护性耕
作农田杂草发生及群落组成产生差异的原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Weed survey was conducted by the method of inverte
d W-sampling to determine the composition of species and structure of weed comm
unities in conservation tillage system in Qinghai Province. The results showed t
hat there were 67 weed species belonging to 25 families in conservation tillage
fields. The predominant species were
Elsholtzia densa Benth,
Galium maborasense Masamune,
Avena fatua Linn,
Chenopodium album L.,
Sonchus arvensis Linn and
Cephalanoplos setosum (Willd.) Kitam. There were 5 species o
f regional predominant weeds, 17 common weeds and 39 general weeds. Weed communi
ties were dominated by
Galium maborasense Masamune +
Elsholtzia densa Be
nth +
Chenopodium album L. +
Avena fatua L. +
Cephalanoplos setosum
(Willd) Kitam +
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud +
Polygonum nepalense
Meisn in Huangzhong,
Setaria viridis (Linn.) Beauv +
Chenopodium album L.+
Polygonum aviculaye L. +
Avena fatua L. +
Convolvulus arvensis L. +
Polygonum oonvolvulus L． +
Cephalanoplos setosum (
Willd) Kitam in Minhe,
Avena fatua L. +
Galium maborasense Masamune +
Sonchus brachyotus DC. +
Cephalanoplos setosum (Willd) Kitam +
Leymus secalinus (Georgi) Tzvel +
Polygonum oonvolvulus L +
Elsholtzia densa Benth +
Polygonum aviculaye L.+
Euphorbia helioscopia Linn. in Ping’an,
Lepyrodiclis holosteoides +
Galium maborasense Masamune +
Avena fatua L.+
Polygonum oonvolvulus L. +
Sonchus brachyotus DC. +
Elsholtzia densa Benth in Hualong,
Avena fatua L.+
Galium maborasense Masamune +
Chenopodium album L.+
Cephalanoplos setosum (Willd) Kitam +
Equisetum arvense Linn. +
Elsholtzia densa Benth in Datong, and
Elsholtzia densa Benth +
Lepyrodiclis holosteoides Laxm. +
Chenopodium album L. +
Bromus tectorum Linn. +
Sonchus brachyotus DC. +
Daucus carota in Gangcha. The species richness, diversity an
d evenness degree of weed communities in conservation tillage fields of Huangzho
ng and Datong were higher than those of other regions, but the dominance index o
f these two regions was relatively low. The weed community structure of Huangzho
ng was similar to that of Datong. The difference of weed community composition i
n different conservation tillage systems might be caused by different geographic
al environments, climatic conditions and weed control measures. |
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