史丽艳,牛文全,张俊.灌水方式对轻度盐化土壤玉米生长及土壤水分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):152~156
灌水方式对轻度盐化土壤玉米生长及土壤水分的影响
Effects of different irrigation methods on growth of maize and distribution of soil moisture
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.02.28
中文关键词:  玉米  灌水方式  生理生态指标  土壤水分
英文关键词:maize  irrigation method  physiological and ecological indicator  soil moisture
基金项目:国家高技术发展计划（2011AA100705）；高等学校学科创新引智计划（B12007）
作者单位
史丽艳 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
牛文全 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院， 陕西 杨凌 712100； 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
张俊 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所， 陕西 杨凌 712100 
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中文摘要:
      以盆栽玉米为研究对象研究了直接浇灌、滴灌、微润灌等3种灌水方式下玉米的生长、叶绿素含量和光合速率、蒸腾速率等生理生态指标及土壤水分垂直分布的特征，结果表明：灌水 方式对玉米生理生态指标有较大影响，苗期滴灌玉米生长较快，拔节前期，微润灌条件下玉米生长最为迅速，滴灌次之，直接浇灌生长最慢；滴灌条件下叶绿素含量最高，拔节期需水 旺季时微润灌叶绿素含量最低。三种灌水方式对玉米光合速率的影响为：微润灌＞滴灌＞直接浇灌。土壤水分特征表明：微润灌稳定后土壤水分主要分布在10～30 cm土层，滴灌主要 分布在10～40 cm土层；苗期、拔节期灌水后取样测定的土壤含水率表明，作物根系层内微润灌与滴灌均大于直接浇灌时的土壤含水率。
英文摘要:
      A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth and physiological parameters such as chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in maize, as well as the vertical distribution characteristics of soil moisture under different irrigation modes including direct irrigation, drip irrigation and micro embellish irrigation. The results showed that the physiological and ecological indicators of maize were greatly influenced by the irrigation methods. During seedling stage, the plants grew the fastest under drip irrigation; while during the early jointing stage, the plants grew the fastest under micro embellish irrigation, and the slowest under direct irrigation. The content of chlorophyll under drip irrigation was the highest, and it was the lowest under micro embellish irrigation during jointing stage when was the critical period of water requirement for maize. The photosynthetic rate of maize was affected more under micro embellish irrigation than drip irrigation and direct irrigation. The soil moisture was mainly distributed in 10-30cm soil layer under micro embellish irrigation, and in 10-40cm soil layer under drip irrigation when it became stable. According to the measurement results after the irrigations during seedling and jointing stage, the soil moisture content at root system layer under micro embellish irrigation and drip irrigation was wholly larger than that under direct irrigation.
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