| 沈姣姣,王靖,李建科,潘学标,徐虹,高红燕.农牧交错带地区油葵适时播种气象条件分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):237~243 |
| 农牧交错带地区油葵适时播种气象条件分析 |
| Analysis of suitable meteorological condition for planting oil sunflower in agro-pastoral ecotone |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.03.39 |
| 中文关键词: 油葵 播种期 生育期 水分利用效率 产量构成 |
| 英文关键词:sunflower sowing date phenology WUE yield formation |
| 基金项目:国家支撑计划项目课题(2012BAD09B02)；中国农业大学基本科研业务费项目(2012QJ164) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了研究农牧交锗带不同播种期对油葵生长发育和产量形成以及水分利用效率的影响,为农牧交错带地区油葵适期播种和高产栽培提供科学依据,采用随机区组排列设计,分析了武川地区超早播(4月28日)、早播(5月8日)、中播(5月18日)、晚播(5月28日)和超晚播(6月8日)五个不同播期下油葵生育期、形态指标、产量形成及水分利用效率的变化情况。结果表明:播种期对油葵生育期、株高和叶面积指数影响显著。随播期推迟,油葵生育期缩短,播期每推迟10 d,生育期平均缩短9d,生殖生长期在总生长期中的比例增加,超晚播因积温不足无法正常成熟。晚播和超晚播叶面积指数显著高于其余播期,超晚播最大叶面积指数在五个播期中最高。中播地上部干物重和花盘干重显著高于其余播期,不同播期间花盘干重占地上部干物重的比例变化较大,中播最高为59％,超晚播最低为7％。超早播、早播和中播处理间产量和千粒重差异不显著,平均为2 583 kg·hm-2和29.66 g,显著高于超晚播。水分利用效率随播期推迟减小,早播水分利用效率最高,为11.9 kg·hm-2·mm-1,超晚播水分利用效率最低,为5.5 kg·hm-2·mm-1,苗期适当干旱有利于油葵水分利用效率提高。建议农牧交错带油葵适宜播种期安排在5月中旬前后。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore effects of different sowing dates on growth, development, yield formation and water use efficiency(WUE) of sunflower and provide a scientific basis for optimal sowing date and high yield of sunflower in A-gro-pastoral Ecotone, the phenology, morphologieal index, yield formation and WUE of sunflower under five sowing-date treatments, including SE(April28)、E(May8)、M(May18)、L(May28)and SL(June 8), were analyzed and compared using randomized block design based on a field experiment in WuChuan county. The results showed that: phenology, plant height and leaf area index(LAI) were significantly different under five sowing dates. Growing period of sunflower was shortened at a rate of 9 days on average with sowing date postponed by 10 days, length of reproductive stage in growing period was inereased, except SL in which sunflower was unable to mature due to deficient thermal time. LAI under L and SL was significantly higher than that of the rest of sowing date. SL had the maximum LAI. Dry matter of aboveground plant and dry weight of faceplate under M were
significantly higher than that under other sowing dates. Ratio of dry weight of faceplate to aboveground dry matter varied significantly among different sowing sates, the highest value(59%) and the lowest value(7%)appeared under M and SL respectively. As for as yield and 1000-grain weight is concered,
there was no significant difference between SE、E and M, reached 2 583 kg·hm-2 and 29.66 g averagely, but they were obviously higher than that under SL.WUE decreased when sowing date was delayed, the highest value(11.9 kg·hm-2·mm-1) and the lowest value(5.5kg·hm-2mm-1)occurred under E and SL.The suitable drought during emergencing period was advanlageous to improve the WUE. Middle May was recommended as appropriate sowing date of sunflower in Agro-pastoral Ecotone. |
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